CGS2100 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE Chapter 1 Using Technology to Change the World a Social Networking the gathering of groups of people using online tools to 1 Technology on the World Stage connect and exchange ideas b Human Rights i w w w t ii The Witness Project e d org 1 Use media to share abuses of human rights c The Digital Divide the term for the gap in levels of internet access and the availability of technical tools in different regions of the world 2 Technology and Our Society a Factors that lead to Better Personal and Performance Satisfaction i Autonomy the freedom to work without constant direction and control ii Mastery the feeling of confidence and excitement from seeing your own skills progress larger than yourself iii Purpose simply the understanding that you are working for something b Creative Surplus the ability of the world s populace to volunteer and collaborate on large projects c How We Think About Each Other i Women outnumber men in use of social media ii Marketing to the norm ex men between 25 and 34 d How We Connect i Marketing 1 QR Quick Response Codes lets any piece of print in the real world host a live link to online information and video content 2 Crowdsourcing checking in with the voice of the crowd ii Access Versus Ownership 1 Swap com uses peer to peer connections to find the best matches to sell used DVDs games etc 2 Collaborative Consumption joining together to use a product more efficiently e Technology and Your Life i Computer Literate being familiar enough with computers that you understand their capabilities and limitations and you know how to use them efficiently ii Being a Savvy Computer User 1 Avoids hackers and viruses 2 Protects privacy 3 Understands the real risks 4 Uses the internet and web wisely 5 Avoids online annoyances 6 Is able to maintain upgrade and troubleshoot a computer iii Preparing for Your Career 1 Information Technology IT a field of study focused on managing and processing information and the automatic retrieval of information 2 Data Mining the process of searching through huge amounts of data with the hopes of finding a pattern 3 Augmented Reality a combination of our normal sense of the objects around us with an overlay of information displayed iv Psychology You Should Smile Now 1 Affective Computing computing that relates to emotion or deliberately tries to influence emotion 1 Technology in Focus History of the P C a Altair 8000 the first personal computer 395 00 or 498 00 which is about 2 000 00 today 2 The Apple 1 and 2 computer industry b No keyboard monitor or printer c Data inputs on the front put in 1s or 0s and then gave the results of the programs a Steve Wozniac an employee of HP became fascinated with the personal formed the Apple 1 b Steve Jobs working for Atari at the time likes Wozniac s prototypes and together c Apple Computer Company formed April 1st 1976 d Apple 2 came in 1977 and was an improvement to the Had color monitor sound and cost around Apple 1 i 1 300 at the time ii 4 kb RAM iii Optional floppy disk drive iv Most successful product in the company s early line e Apple 3 1980 release i included spreadsheet programs games word processor 3 The Commodore PET and TRS 80 a Commodore PET 2001 b TRS 80 i a 595 home computer month ii 4 kb memory 4 The Osborne 1 Immediately popular sold 10 000 in first a The first portable computer released in April 1981 b Weighed 24 5 pounds c 1 795 d 64 kb memory e Following the release of The Executive a successor to The Osborne the Osborne company closed and Compaq bought the designs 5 IBM PCs a IBM PC i IBM s first personal computer ii Marketed through Sears and Computer land iii 1565 iv 64 kb memory 6 Other Important Advancements a Hardware b Advances in programming languages c The importance of BASIC i Programming languages FORTRAN ALGOL COBOL ii Beginners All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code BASIC 1 Revolutionized software 2 Easy to learn 3 Bill Gates and Paul Allen used it to write for the Altair and led to the creation of Microsoft d The Advent of Operating Systems 1978 i Disk 2 floppy disk designed by Steve Wozniac and was 5 25 inches introduced in ii Disk Operating System DOS 1977 designed by Steve Wozniac was the OS that controlled the first Apple Computers iii The Control Program for Microcomputers CP N developed by Gad Kildall first OS designed for Intel 8080 chip then founded his own company called Digital Research iv MS DOS based on Quick and Dirty Operating System QDOS developed by Seattle Computer Products e The Software Application Explosion VisiCalc and Beyond i VisiCalc created by Harvard Business School students Dan Bricklin and Bob Frankston a spreadsheet program to be used on PCs ii Other spreadsheet programs Lotus 1 2 3 1983 and Microsoft Excel 1985 iii WordStar the first word processing application iv Word for MS DOS the precursor to Microsoft Word v Graphical User Interface GUI allows users to interact with the computer more easily f The Lisa and The Macintosh price g The Internet Boom 350 i Lisa the first successful PC that used a GUI priced too high at 9 995 ii Macintosh everything the Lisa had and more and cost a third of the i Mosaic a web browser introduced in 1993 that caused web traffic to increase by ii Windows 95 produced by Microsoft included a web browser Internet Explorer and also Microsoft Office applications h Making the PC Early Computers i The Pascalene Calculator and the Jaquard Loom 1 The Pascalene the first accurate mechanical calculator created by French mathematician Blaise Pascal in 1642 2 Jaquard Look a loom capable of weaving complex patterns ii Babbage s Engines Charles Babbage created the first automatic calculator called the Analytic Engine based on the Difference Engine iii Hallerith Tabulating Machine a machine for the Census Bureau that tabulated census data iv Z1 a mechanical calculator invented by Konrad Zuse v Atanasoff Berry Computer ABC used vacuum tubes to store data rather vi The Harvard Mark 1 finished in 1944 could perform all four than mechanical switches arithmetic calculations vii The Compiler Grace Hopper s greatest contribution a program that translates English language instructions into computer language viii The Turning Machine a hypothetical model that mathematically defined a mechanical procedure or algorithm ix Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer ENIAC used to calculate settings for weapons created by John W Mauchly and J Presper Eckert x The Universal Automatic Computer UNIVAC the first
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