Microbiology Final Study Guide Lectures 29 36 Know which Gram positive bacteria can cause forms of Toxic Shock Syndrome Staphylococcus aureus Know all of the names of the herpes virus that causes chickenpox and shingles Varicella zoster virus Human herpesvirus 3 chickenpox Chickenpox virus may remain latent in dorsal root ganglia and reactivation of it results in shingles still the Human herpesvirus 3 Know the type of virus that causes warts Papillomaviruses Know what type of polio vaccine is currently recommended by the CDC Enhanced inactivated polio vaccine since 2000 Know the major characteristics of rabies transmission prevention and treatement Transmitted by animal bite raccoons skunks bats or transplanted tissue particularly the cornea starts in skeletal muscles then travels to brain through peripheral nerves causing encephalitis Preexposure prophylaxis injection of human diploid cells vaccine HDCV or postexposure treatment vaccine plus rabies immunoglobulin Always almost fatal if left untreated Know which protozoan species can cause meningitis and which bacterial species can cause meningitis Bacterial Haemophilus influenzae Neisseria meningitidis Streptococcus pneumoniae Listeria monocytogenes Protozoan Naegleria fowleri causes meningoencephelitis Know how botulinum toxin acts to damage the host when it is ingested It blocks the release of neurotransmitter causing flaccid paralysis death is from respiratory and cardiac failure Know which type of bacteria has LPS endotoxin and can cause endotoxic shock Gram negative bacteria Be able to identify Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria by name for example all Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species are Gram positive etc Gram negative Gram Positive Borrelia Burkholderia Campylobacter Chlamydia Enterobacter Helicobacter Hemophilus Neisseria Staphylococcus Streptococcus Clostridium Bacillus Listeria Enterococcus Mycobacterium Mycoplasma Pseudomonas Ricketssia Salmonella Serratia Shigella Vibrio Yersinia Know why brucellosis is called undulant fever There is an undulating up down cycle fever that spikes to 40 degrees Celsius each night accompanied by nigh sweats and malaise Know which infectious agent causes Lyme disease Borrelia burgdorferi Know what arthropod transmits the bacterium that causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever Rickettsia ricketsii carried by dog ticks in the Eastern US Dermacentor variabilis and wood ticks in the Western US Dermacentor andersoni For the diseases of the circulatory system that we covered know which are caused by bacteria and which are caused by protozoa Bacteria Protozoa Chagas Disease Trypanosoma cruzi Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasma gondii Malaria Leishmaniasis Babesiosis Typhus Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Ehrlichiosis Anaplasmosis Lyme Disease Relapsing Fever Borrelia Sepsis and Septic Shock Rheumatic Fever Anthrax Bacillus anthracis Tularemia Francisella tularensis Brucellosis Plague Yersinia pestis everything in blue vector transmitted Know the infectious agent that causes Chagas disease and the infectious agents that cause sleeping sickness Chagas Trypanosoma Cruzi Sleeping sickness African Trypanosomiasis trypanosome brucei gambiense Know the approximate number of tuberculosis cases in the US figure from 2012 given in lecture notes 9945 Know which type of hypersensitive response is involved in a positive tuberculosis skin test Type IV Know which bacterial respiratory infection is transmitted primarily by inhalation of contaminated water droplets from cooling systems Legionellosis from Legionella pneumophila Know what the spike proteins on the influenza virus are called and how the type of spike is described in the name of each specific influenza strain Specific influenza strains are described as H N subtypes o Hemagglutinin HA The H are the spikes used for attachment to host cells o Neuraminidase NA The N are the spikes used to release the virus from the cell Know which infectious agent causes primary atypical pneumonia Mycoplasma pneumoniae Know which bacterial infection of the intestine is usually produced by elimination of normal intestinal flora by a course of antibiotics Clostridium Gastroenteritis caused by clostridium difficile Know what organ of the digestive system is infected by the mumps virus Parotid gland One of the salivary glands Know approximately how many people in the US are chronically infected with hepatitis C 3 2 million Know how Helicobacter pylori neutralizes stomach acid Ammonia basic from activity of bacterial urease neutralizes the stomach acid Of the major infectious diseases of the digestive system that we covered be able to distinguish the names of causative agents that are fungal vs those that are bacterial Fungal Claviceps purpurea Mycotoxin Aspergillus flavus Bacterial Helicobacter pylori Escherichia Coli Campylobacter jejuni Vibrio cholerae Vibrio parahaemolyticus Vibrio vulnificans Salmonella typhi Shigella Staphylococcus aureus food poisoning Know the name of the disease in which tapeworm larvae become lodged in tissues such as muscle eye or brain Hydatid Disease when in the eye the condition is called Ophthalmic cystercosis Know the most common type of helminthic infection worldwide Ascaris Know why women are prone to urinary tract infections than men Women have a shorter urethra and a close proximity to the anus Know the type of bacteria that are the normal flora of the vagina Lactobacilli Know the main characteristics of the tertiary stage of syphilis About 25 of cases get to this stage if they are left untreated Gummas are on many organs causing cardiovascular and neurological damage Know the major causes of pelvic inflammatory disease Polymicrobic usually o Neisseria gonorrhoeae o Chlamydia trachomatis Know the causative agent of bacterial vaginosis Gardnerella vaginalis Know which bacterial disease of the digestive system is particularly dangerous for malnourished people and people taking antacids and why Cholera people who take antacids and malnourished people do not produce much stomach acid Stomach acid is what kills V cholerae Know the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in children Rotavirus 3 million cases yr in US Know in what host tissue the cysts of the worm Trichinella are most likely to lodge Human muscle Know the definition of salpingitis Infection of uterine fallopian tubes Know the characteristics of congenital syphilis and how it is passed to the fetus in pregnancy It is transferred across the placenta when the mother is in the
View Full Document
Unlocking...