West and WorldFinal Exam Study GuideNotes to Review- Joseph Stalin- Stalin’s Five Year Plan- India’s independence movement after World War I- Decolonization after World War II- Annual Edition articles o 25 – Two cheers for Versailles o 28 – Exposing the Rape of Nankingo 36 – Remembering the War – Japanese Styleo 29 – Judgment at Nuremberg o 26 – One Family’s Tryst with Destinyo 32 – The Plan and the Mano 33 – Korea: Echoes of a waro 23 – Sputnik + 50: Remembering the Dawn of the Space Ageo 35 – Iraq’s Unruly Century Essay 1 – WW1- Causeso Breakup of the Ottoman Empire “sick man of Europe”o Nationalism – people want their nation to be number 1o Imperialism – scramble for Africa, Germany wants high seas, tariff warso Germany’s desire to dominate Europeo Interlocking Alliances – Allies (French, Russia and British) / Central Powers (Germany,Austria-Hungry, Turkey)o Europe was sitting on a powder keg o Assassination of Francis Ferdinand (Austrian Archduke)  Austria was in alliance with Russia who then attacked Germany - Courseo Germany has to fight a two front war o Trench Warfare was developed Terrible conditions in trencheso New weapons like airplanes, tanks, and submarines o Europe’s economies began to tank while US was profitable because sold supplies - Outcomeo Causalities – 8-10 milliono Influenza epidemico Weakened Europe  Everyone exhausted, even victors British lose 1/3 shipping Most fighting was in France – physically devastated o Chaos Europe – economies devastated  New Democratic Governments Established in Central Europe Cannot quickly solve economic problemso Treaty of Versailles Germany lost territory New nations created  Nations lost land League of Nations created (US never joined so they couldn’t be drawn into war) Middle East – No more colonies - Why entered o Germany resumed unrestricted warfare Submarines sinking boats with no warning Threatened US safety o Zimmerman Telegram inflamed public opinion  Germany was going to supply Mexico with arms o Wilson wanted to make the world safe for democracy  Get into war to end all wars Right for all nations to have self determination - Role US played o At first US was neutral and only gave financial aid to help their own economyo Wanted to be the nation to settle the matter with a treaty when the fighting was over o When entered – allowed Allies to make counter attacks against Germany - Russia Outcomeo Conditions in Russia were bad  People and army are going hungry Economy on verge of collapse o Double Revolution in Russia  Tsar overthrown and established provisional government  October Revolution  Peace negations with Germany end involvement in World War I- Lost land- Allowed for Germany to only fight a one sided war - British involvement in Ottoman Empire o British worked to destabilize Ottoman Empire from the inside  Promise independence to Arab tribes if fight Turks Lawrence of Arabia worked to unite Arab tribes  Guerilla warfareo Issued Declaration to create Jewish homeland hoping it would be their allies Essay 2 – WW2- Causeso Expansion by many nations Germany (Hitler) into Poland and France  Italy into North Africao Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor o Germany invaded Russia which broke their nonaggression act - Major turning points o Battle of Coral Sea Japanese don’t get New Guiney – keep lines open to Australiao Battle of Midway Japanese lost four aircraft carriers  Put the Japanese on the defense o MacArthur returns to the Philippines o D-Day – Invasion of Normandy Led to battle of the bulge – last German counter offense - Outcomeo Allies converge in Germany (later divided) where Hitler commits suicideo Normandy trials  11 sentenced to death, 10 trials hung, 1 committed suicideo United Nations was created - United States efforts to avoid getting into the waro Were reluctant to get involved at firsto Neutrality Acts Would not sell arms to any nations at war, even allies  Cast and carry – bring cash and carry out basic supplies like food and blanketso FDR had the Lend Lease Program Would led military supplies to fight for democracy Ideally the US would get the supplies back but this didn’t happen  Life line for British and later the Soviets - Context Truman used to drop the atomic bomb and Whyo Wanted to end the war quickly with no more sacrifices of liveso Estimated ½-1 million American lives to invade Japano It would end fire bombing o Bomb would scare Japan into submission since they would never give upo Both sides had made war on civilians Essay 3 – Cold War- Origins of the Cold Waro Power vacuum in Europe because no real super power left o US and Soviets (only major powers left) fight through satellite nationso Differences in ideology between nations US capitalism, Soviets communism US democracy , Soviets dictatorshipo Soviets wanted communist buffer states between them and Europe and the US wantedto stop the spread of communism- How the United States responded o Truman’s Response – respond with strength (Churchill’s – Iron curtain)o Policy of Containment - provide whatever aid it takes to contain the Soviets o Truman Doctrine - give massive aid to help noncommunist nations threatened by communism (open ended)- How the United States responded to the threat of communismo Major turning point – US not neutral anymore and join NATO (first time joining alliance during peace)o Enacted a policy of Containment – help any nations fighting against communism so that it doesn’t spread- Specific exampleso Vietnam War Got involved through the French because they were losing control and afraid that if they lost Vietnam to communism then it would cause a domino effect. (LBJ wanted to focus on internal problems so sent a few troops but got pulled in deeper when decided to bomb supply line) Hawks – stay in war Doves - can’t leave the troops there to hang out to dry  Vietnam fell to communism two years after the United States pulled out Many causalities, no one wanted to stay in cold war anymoreo Cuban Missile Crisis  Soviets had missiles in Cuba which could reach Washington in 15 minutes Blockade in place to cut off supplies Deal made to pull soviet missiles out of Cuba if US pulled out of Turkey- How the Cold War ended o Came suddenly and was unexpected (peaceful) US had been humiliated –