The Old RegimesFocus QuestionsDefining CharacteristicsSlide 4Slide 5Slide 6LIBERALISMSlide 8Slide 9Slide 10Europe 1721Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Prussia and the Austrian EmpireSlide 16Slide 17Expansion of RussiaOverseas Colonies and Trade, 1740North America, 1755 and 1763Slide 21Development of the Atlantic slave trade: the triangle tradeThe Old RegimesThe Old RegimesHistory 103History 103The West and the WorldThe West and the WorldFocus QuestionsFocus QuestionsHow did the concepts of “balance of power” How did the concepts of “balance of power” and “reason of state” influence international and “reason of state” influence international relations in the eighteenth century? What relations in the eighteenth century? What were the causes and results of the Seven were the causes and results of the Seven Years’ War?Years’ War?Who were the main groups making up the Who were the main groups making up the European social order in the eighteenth European social order in the eighteenth century, and how did the conditions in which century, and how did the conditions in which they lived differ both between groups and they lived differ both between groups and between different parts of Europe?between different parts of Europe?What was the relationship among intellectual, What was the relationship among intellectual, political, economic, and social changes in the political, economic, and social changes in the eighteenth century?eighteenth century?DefiningDefining CharacteristicsCharacteristicsReason vs RevelationReason vs RevelationSecularSecularDeismDeismEmpiricalEmpiricalTolerationToleration–Freedom of SpeechFreedom of Speech–Freedom of PressFreedom of Press–Religious FreedomReligious FreedomAnti-clerical and anti-authoritarianAnti-clerical and anti-authoritarianEmphasis upon EducationEmphasis upon EducationEquality before the LawEquality before the LawCultural RelativismCultural RelativismTheory of ProgressTheory of ProgressThe Spider and the FlyClass StructureRigid System of PrivilegeLargely Agricultural Aristocrats and ClergyGrowing Merchant ClassJean-Baptiste Colbert1619-1683Finance Minister of FranceMercantilismPsychology of Limited WealthAmount of Wealth FixedBullion as Measure of WealthFocus on State – Not DynastyState Monopolies & SubsidiesRole of ColoniesProtectionismAdam Smith1723-1790The Wealth of Nations, 1776• Economic Liberalism• laissez faire• The Hidden Hand• Theory of ProgressLIBERALISMLIBERALISMPolitical LiberalismPolitical LiberalismEconomic LiberalismEconomic LiberalismSocial LiberalismSocial LiberalismJohn Locke1632-1704Two Treatises Concerning Government 1689A Letter Concerning Toleration1690Jean-Jacques Rousseau1712-1778Discourse on the Arts and Sciences, 1750Discourse on Inequality, 1754The Social Contract, 1762“The General Will”LIBERALISMLIBERALISMPolitical LiberalismPolitical LiberalismEconomic LiberalismEconomic LiberalismSocial LiberalismSocial LiberalismEurope 1721Europe 1721Louis XV, 1715-1774Louis XV at Five Year of AgeRuler of France, 1715-1774Palace at VersaillesRise of Brandenburg-PrussiaHohenzollern MonarchsFrederick William I1688-1740Frederick II, the Great1712-1786Prussia and the Austrian Prussia and the Austrian EmpireEmpirePeter the Greatr. 1682-1725Catherine the Greatr. 1762-1796Rise of Russia as a European PowerMaria Theresa of Austriar. 1740-1780The HapsburgsWar of Austrian Succession1740-48Diplomatic Revolution, 1756Seven Year’s War1756-1763Expansion of RussiaExpansion of RussiaOverseas Colonies and Overseas Colonies and Trade, 1740Trade, 1740North America, 1755 and North America, 1755 and 17631763II. Development of the Atlantic slave trade: What was the Atlantic world?Development of the Atlantic slave trade: the triangle Development of the Atlantic slave trade: the triangle tradetradeEurope: technologyAnd military powerAmericas: Land and mineralsAfrica: slavesSlave shipSlave