CONSERVATIVE REACTIONFocus QuestionEurope, 1810Slide 4Napoleon Bonaparte 1769-1821Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Defeat of NapoleonSlide 10Slide 11Slide 12Congress of ViennaSlide 14Slide 15Slide 16Map 18.1 / Europe, 1815Slide 18Slide 19ConservatismSlide 21Slide 22LIBERALISMSlide 24Slide 25CONSERVATIVE REACTIONCONSERVATIVE REACTIONHistory 103History 103The West and the WorldThe West and the WorldFocus QuestionFocus QuestionWhat were the goals of the Congress of What were the goals of the Congress of Vienna and the Concert of Europe, and how Vienna and the Concert of Europe, and how successful were they in achieving those successful were they in achieving those goals?goals?What were the main tenets of What were the main tenets of conservatism, liberalism, and nationalism conservatism, liberalism, and nationalism and what role did each ideology play in and what role did each ideology play in Europe in the first half of the nineteenth Europe in the first half of the nineteenth centurycenturyEurope, 1810Europe, 1810Marie-Louise of AustriaAnd King of RomeNapoleon Divorces Josephine and Marries Marie-Louis in 1810Napoleon BonaparteNapoleon Bonaparte1769-18211769-1821Wars of Third Coalition, 1805-1807Wars of Third Coalition, 1805-1807Continental SystemContinental SystemWar in SpainWar in SpainInvasion of Russia, 1812Invasion of Russia, 1812War of Liberation, 1813-1814War of Liberation, 1813-1814Exile to Elba, 1814Exile to Elba, 1814Waterloo and Exile to St. Helena, 1815Waterloo and Exile to St. Helena, 1815Death of Napoleon, 1821Death of Napoleon, 1821Goya’s Painting Reflecting the Spanish Reaction To Napoleon’s ConquestNapoleon BonaparteNapoleon Bonaparte1769-18211769-1821Wars of Third Coalition, 1805-1807Wars of Third Coalition, 1805-1807Continental SystemContinental SystemWar in SpainWar in SpainInvasion of Russia, 1812Invasion of Russia, 1812War of Liberation, 1813-1814War of Liberation, 1813-1814Exile to Elba, 1814Exile to Elba, 1814Waterloo and Exile to St. Helena, 1815Waterloo and Exile to St. Helena, 1815Death of Napoleon, 1821Death of Napoleon, 1821The Retreat from Moscow – 1812Slaughter at the Beresina RiverDefeat of NapoleonDefeat of NapoleonQuadruple AllianceQuadruple AllianceTreaty of ParisTreaty of Paris–Restoration of BourbonsRestoration of Bourbons–No IndemnityNo Indemnity–Boundaries of 1792Boundaries of 1792Napoleon Bids Farewell to his Troops at FountainebleauConservatism in Action• Principle of Legitimacy• Balance of PowerCongress of Vienna, 1814-1815Louis XVIIICongress of ViennaCongress of ViennaMajor Powers: Major Powers: –Austria (Prince Metternich)Austria (Prince Metternich)–Great Britain (Lord Castlereagh)Great Britain (Lord Castlereagh)–Prussia (Baron Hardenberg)Prussia (Baron Hardenberg)–Russia (Alexander I)Russia (Alexander I)–France (Prince Talleyrand)France (Prince Talleyrand)Congress of ViennaCongress of Vienna Restoration of the Old OrderRestoration of the Old OrderLegitimacyLegitimacyStabilityStabilityBalance of PowerBalance of PowerCongress of ViennaCongress of Vienna Restoration of the Old OrderRestoration of the Old OrderGeography of BalanceGeography of BalanceSecond Treaty of ParisSecond Treaty of Paris–IndemnityIndemnity–Boundaries of 1790Boundaries of 1790–Army of Occupation for Five YearsArmy of Occupation for Five YearsHoly AllianceHoly AllianceConcert of EuropeConcert of EuropeEurope, 1810Europe, 1810Map 18.1 / Europe, 1815Map 18.1 / Europe, 1815Europe After Congress of ViennaNapoleon on St. HelenaSt. NapoleonRoman Officer and MartyrConservatismConservatismEdmund Burke (1729-1797)Edmund Burke (1729-1797)–Reflections of the Revolution in FranceReflections of the Revolution in France, , 17901790State as Partnership with the Past and the FutureState as Partnership with the Past and the FutureOpposed revolutionary changeOpposed revolutionary changeSupports evolutionary changeSupports evolutionary changeJoseph de Maistre (1753-1821)Joseph de Maistre (1753-1821)–Defense of Divine Right Monarchy’Defense of Divine Right Monarchy’–Alliance of “throne and altar”Alliance of “throne and altar”Edmund Burke (1729-1797)Edmund Burke (1729-1797)–Reflections on the Revolution Reflections on the Revolution in Francein France, 1790, 1790State as Partnership with the State as Partnership with the Past and the FuturePast and the FutureOpposed revolutionary changeOpposed revolutionary changeSupports evolutionary changeSupports evolutionary changeSociety is viewed as an Society is viewed as an organism that supports gradual organism that supports gradual change, but resists radical change, but resists radical change based upon abstract, change based upon abstract, rational principles.rational principles.The Father of Modern ConservatismConservatismConservatismPrinciples of ConservatismPrinciples of Conservatism–Obedience to Political AuthorityObedience to Political Authority–Organized Religion Central to Social StabilityOrganized Religion Central to Social Stability–Opposed to Revolutionary ChangeOpposed to Revolutionary Change–Generally Opposed to Civil LibertiesGenerally Opposed to Civil Liberties–Community over individual rightsCommunity over individual rights–Tradition as the Guide to OrderTradition as the Guide to Order–Support for Hereditary MonarchsSupport for Hereditary Monarchs–Opposed Representative Governments & Opposed Representative Governments & Nationalist AspirationsNationalist AspirationsLIBERALISMLIBERALISM1.O Men are born and remain free and 1.O Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may equal in rights. Social distinctions may be founded only upon the general be founded only upon the general good.good.2.O The aim of all political association is 2.O The aim of all political association is the preservation of the natural and the preservation of the natural and imprescriptible rights of man. These imprescriptible rights of man. These rights are liberty, property, security, rights are liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression.and resistance to oppression.LIBERALISMLIBERALISM3.O The principle of all sovereignty resides 3.O The principle of all sovereignty resides essentially in the nation. No body nor essentially in the nation. No body nor individual may exercise any authority which individual may exercise any authority