TWO WORLDS COLLIDE The Age of Discovery The West & the WorldFOCUS QUESTIONSPOSSIBLE ANSWERSCOLUMBUS AND EUROPEAN EXPANSIONSlide 5COLUMBUS AND EUROPEAN EXPANSIONSlide 7COLUMBUS AND EUROPEAN EXPANSIONCOLUMBUS AND EUROPEAN EXPANSIONRole of Technology in HistorySlide 11The Spread of PrintingRole of Technology Lateen SailRole of Technology Use of Square and Lateen SailsRole of TechnologyRole of TechnologySlide 17Role of TechnologyRole of Technology Sandglass and Knotted LineRole of TechnologySlide 21Slide 22Dante’s View of the WorldPtolemaic View of the UniverseSlide 25Slide 26Slide 27Rise of the Ottoman EmpireMarco Polo at the Court of the Khan 13th CenturySlide 30Christopher ColumbusIsabella of Castile and Ferdinand of AragonSlide 33Slide 34Columbus Landing in San SalvadorFour Voyages of Columbus 1492-1504Slide 37Exploration and ConquestThe DiscoveriesEarly 16 Century View of the WorldSlide 41Lurid Tales of Native Encounters Early 16th Century PortrayalIndigenous EmpiresMontezuma and CortesSpread of DiseaseInterior of Slave ShipSlide 47Migrations and the New WorldEuropean ExpansionConsequencesTWO WORLDS COLLIDEThe Age of DiscoveryThe West & the WorldFOCUS QUESTIONSWhy did Europeans begin to embark on voyages of discovery and expansion at the end of the fifteenth century?What was the relationship between European overseas expansion and political, economic, and social developments in Europe?POSSIBLE ANSWERSThe Will -- Motivation –God, Gold & GloryTechnological MeansFinancial InfrastructureGovernmental InfrastructureCOLUMBUS AND EUROPEAN EXPANSIONThe Two Big Ideas –Migration In HistoryIt can be stated that throughout history humans representing a particular culture and worldview have “bumped” into other humans sharing a different culture and worldview. The results are usually the good, the bad, and the ugly.COLUMBUS AND EUROPEAN EXPANSIONThe Two Big Ideas –Technology In HistoryThroughout history humans have used their advanced capacity for intellectual inquiry to fashion tools and artifacts that enhance their ability to understand, control, and manipulate the physical environment. This capacity for technology builds upon the past and is never neutral in consequence, often bringing the good, the bad, and the ugly.The Right TechnologyMakes a DifferenceCOLUMBUS AND EUROPEAN EXPANSIONMigration–In 30 short years, 1492-1522, discoveries were made that shattered the way humans viewed the world and opened the way for one of the most significant migrations in human history. This migration would continue for five hundred years.COLUMBUS AND EUROPEAN EXPANSIONMajor Drivers of these Discoveries(GOD, GOLD, GlORY)Religion – to Advance ChristianityEconomic – Search for WealthFame and Glory – Personal & PoliticalIntellectual–Accumulated Knowledge of the Possible that Informs the “Dream”–Accumulated Knowledge of the Real that Informs Invention and TechnologyRole of Technology in HistoryThe MormanWow! That Changes Everything.Scale of Technological Impact:Wow! That Changes Everything.Development of Printing Press 1450’sJohannes Gutenberg• Movable Type• 23 letters (j,v,w)• Printed Bible. 1455The Spread of PrintingRole of TechnologyLateen SailRole of TechnologyUse of Square and Lateen SailsRole of Technology1608 Painting of the Santa MariaNao or carrackType of Ship Used By ColumbusApprox. 20 ft wideApprox. 60 ft longCrew of About 40Role of TechnologyThree Mast CaravelWith Sternpost RudderNina and Pinta in caravel class of shipRole of Ideas16th Century Illustration of Ptolemy (2nd century) Using Quadrant to Measure Angle Of Star AltitudeUranius, Muse of Astronomy, in BackgroundRole of TechnologyAstrolabe–Perfected by the Arabs by 9th Century–Used to measure altitude of Sun, Moon, and Stars–Used in conjunction with star tables to determine positionRole of TechnologySandglass and Knotted LineRole of TechnologyShip’s CompassDante’s View of the WorldPtolemaic View of the UniverseMartin Behaim’s Globe of 1492Sultan Mehmet II1431-1481Sultan of Ottoman Turks, 1451 to 1481Fall of Constantinople and Collapse of Byzantine Empire1453Rise of the Ottoman EmpireMarco Polo at the Court of the Khan13th CenturyHenry the Navigator 1394-1460Legend of Prester JohnChristopher ColumbusBorn Genoa, Italy 1451Died in Valladolid, Spain1506Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of AragonWind and CurrentPatterns in theAtlantic OceanColumbus Landing in San SalvadorLate 16th Century InterpretationFour Voyages of Columbus1492-1504Vasco da Gama's first voyage (1497 - 1499) Vasco da Gama c. 1469-1524Landing at Calicut, 1498Exploration and ConquestThe DiscoveriesFour Voyages of ColumbusTreaty of Tordesillas (tōr'thāsē'lyäs) - 1494Vasco da Gama (1497-98) The Eastern RouteAmerigo Vespucci 1499Balboa Discovers the Pacific Ferdinand Magellan 1519-1522Early 16 Century View of the WorldMonstrous Races of MenTitle Page from 1531 Book of TravelsLurid Tales of Native EncountersEarly 16th Century PortrayalIndigenous EmpiresMontezuma and CortesCortes And New Spain1522Spread of DiseaseIndians in Mexico Victims ofSmallpoxInterior of Slave ShipMigrations and the New WorldConsider Three Major Migrations:Voluntary European ExpansionInvoluntary Amerindian DisplacementForced Migration of African SlavesEstimated at 10-12 millionProbably the largest Forced Migration in HistoryEuropean ExpansionConsequencesEcological Shift–New ProductsDiseasePower Shift from Mediterranean Sea to Atlantic Ocean“Global Economy” & MercantilismInternational Rivalry and Nation State DevelopmentSubjection of AmerindiansGrowth of Slavery (African and Amerindians)Great Migration and Expansion of