WEEK 6 KEY TERMS 3 5 Cause Federalist No 10 Antifederalists Alexander Hamilton Alien and Sedition Acts I Constitutional Convention Philadelphia A The Constitution In the wake of Shays Rebellion leaders called for convention to revise Articles Representatives from 12 stats arrived in Philadelphia in May 1787 Younger less experienced men set agenda B Issue 1 Representation Virginia large state Plan a Strong national government b Representation based on population ii New Jersey small state Plan a Weak national government b Unicameral legislature with one vote for each state C Compromise i Bicameral legislature D Issue 2 Slavery E Issue 3 National Authority a Number of House members determined by population b 2 senators per state People elect representatives State legislatures elect senators States select electors who choose president Congress not allowed to interfere with slave trade until 1808 Fugitive clause allowed owners to reclaim slaves who had fled to other states 3 5 clause slaves would only count as 3 5 of a person Congressional legislation supreme law of land Broad powers of taxation military defense and external commerce U S had to honor existing debts States prohibited from issuing paper money i ii iii i ii iii iv i ii iii i ii iii iv i F Ratifying the Constitution 9 states necessary to ratify II James Madison A Nationalists i ii iii iv v B Localists Supporters called themselves Federalists Opponents called themselves Antifederalists James Madison John Jay and Alexander Hamilton The Federalist Ratified 1789 Bill of Rights ratified by 1791 Strong central government Power of regular people filtered through elites Government should play a large role in economy Loose constructionists Necessary and proper clause States should be main unit of power No special privileges for elites Importance of land acquisition Government should not intervene in economy Strict constructionists Focus on Tenth Amendment C Washington in Office Elected unanimously and inaugurated April 1789 Wanted to be a symbol of national unity and power But also wanted to be symbol of people III Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton A Hamilton s Plan Permanent national debt a Passed with compromise Bank of the United States a Passed but hugely controversial Tariffs to protect manufacturing a Did not pass Empowered opposition Democratic Republicans or Republicans Farmers in western Pennsylvania found tax on whiskey distilling unfair Local militia organized against tax collectors Washington organized federal army to put down rebellion Contrast with Shays rebellion French revolution fed into war between Britain and France Washington declared neutrality had John Jay negotiate treaty with Britain B Whiskey Rebellion 1794 iv C Foreign Policy ii iii iv v vi i ii iii iv v vi i ii iii i ii iii iv i ii iii i ii Undeclared war with France US ships seized XYZ affair D Alien Sedition Acts 1798 Extended period of residence necessary for naturalization Heavy fines or imprisonment for writing publishing or speaking anything of a false scandalous or malicious nature against government At least 25 Democratic Republican editors and writers imprisoned Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions JM and TJ federalist incumbent John Adams Democratic Republican TJ ran with Aaron Burr Tie between TJ and Burr House voted 35 times Finally Hamilton threw his support behind TJ E Election of 1800 iii iv i ii iii iv i ii iii iv v