Variable human microbiome Describe the structure of the skin and mucous membranes and the ways pathogens can invade the skin Epidermis Dermis secretions and portals for entry Subcutaneous layer Dry salty lysozyme fatty acids defensins protection Provide examples of normal skin microbiota and state the general locations and ecological roles of its members Mostly gram positive and some yeasts Aerobic corynebacterium xerosis Anaerobic Propionibacterium acnes Yeasts Malassezia furfur Can grow on oils Staphylococcus Low gc gram cocci in clusters Coagulase in aureus clots fibrin in blood other toxinx can cause Folliculitis furuncles boils carbuncles Toxemias occur when toxins enter bloodstream Scalded skin syndrome and TSS Streptococcus Low gc gram cocci in chains Categorized by hemolytic enzymes A is most important why diseases have red color Virulence factors M protein anti compliment antiphagocytosis can cause impetico erysipelas enzymes and toxins Group A Flesh eating Necrotizing fasciitis many toxins Streptokinases Hyaluronidase Exotoxin A superantigen Cellulitis Diphtheroids Differentiate Staphylococci from Streptococci and name several skin infections caused by each List the causative agent mode of transmission and clinical symptoms of Pseudomonas dermatitis otitis externa and acne Gram rods 5 groups Pseudomonas dermatitis self limiting 2 weeks pools hot tubs otitis externa swimmers ear List the causative agent mode of transmission and clinical symptoms of these skin infections warts smallpox chickenpox shingles cold sores measles rubella Smallpox variola virus pox Warts papilloma virus Chickenpox herpes virus Shingles herpes virus reactivation of latent VZV move down peripheral nerve Cold sores herpes simplex virus HSV 1 and HSV 2 Measles paramyxovirus respiratory transmission macular rash and koplik s spots rubeola Rubella german measles togavirus Macular rash and fever Rubella MMR vaccine Define conjunctivitis Inflammation of the conjunctiva Aka pink eye or red eye Haemophilus influenzae List the causative agent mode of transmission and clinical symptoms of these eye infections neonatal gonorrheal ophthalmia Neisseria gonorrhoeae gram cocci transmitted to newborn during birth antibiotics at birth inclusion conjunctivitis Chlamydia trachomatis Antibiotic ointment Trachoma Chlamydia trachomatis Leading cause of blindness worldwide Severe conjunctivitis scars lead to blindness herpetic keratitis HSV 1 leads to infections of cornea and even blindness Trifluride to treat LECTURE 30 Define central nervous system and blood brain barrier Brain spinal chords meninges membranes Blood brain barrier capillaries prevents passage of materials Differentiate Meningitis inflammation of the meninges Encephalitis inflammation of the brain Discuss meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae Neisseria meningitides Streptococcus pneumoniae and Listeria monocytogenes Bacterial Menengitis septic meningitis headache fever rash stiff neck convulsions coma graimt stain or latex agglutination of CSF treatment with cephalosporins Hemophilus influenza in young children gram aerobic normal throat microbiota prevented by Hib vaccine capsule antigen type B Neisseria meningitis healthy people can be carriers throat infection rash outbreak in college dorms gram Streptococcus pneumonia about 70 healthy people are carriers most common in children gram cocci prevented by vaccination mortality 30 in kids 80 in elderly Listeriosis listeria monocytogenes gram rod causes still birth foodborne reproduce in phagocytes Explain how bacterial meningitis is diagnosed and treated Discuss the epidemiology of tetanus including mode of transmission etiology disease symptoms and preventive measures Tetanus Clostridium tetani gram endospore forming obligate anaerobe grows in deep wounds tetanospasmin blocks relaxation pathway in muscles Tetanus toxoid DTP vaccine State the causative agent symptoms suspect foods and treatment for botulism Botulism Clostridium botulinum gram endospore forming obligate anaerobe ingestion of botulinal toxin Treat with antitoxin Infant C botulinum growing in intestines wound botulism growth in wounds Discuss leprosy including mode of transmission etiology disease symptoms and preventive measures Leprosy Mycobacterium leprae acid fast rod grows in peripheral nerves and skin cells transmission requires prolonged contact with infected person Tuberculoid neural form loss of sensation in skin areas a positive Lepromatous progressive form disfigured nodules all over body lepromin test negative lepromin test Discuss poliomyelitis rabies and arboviral encephalitis including mode of transmission etiology and disease symptoms Poliomyelitis Transmitted by ingestion Initial symptoms sore throat and nausea Viremia may occur is persistent virus can enter the CNS 3 serotypes salk vaccine inactivated virus sabin vaccine attenuated virus Compare the Salk and Sabin polio vaccines Look in book Compare the preexposure and postexposure treatments for rabies Arboviral encephalitis anthropod borne control by controlling mosquitos Rabies Caused by rabies virus furious rabies vs paralytic rabies Treatment and prevention vaccine immune globin incubation period may be very long virus multiplies in skeletal muscles then brain cells causing encephalitis Preexposure prophylaxis injection of vaccine Postexposure treatment vaccine plus rabies immune globulin RIG Lecture 31 Identify the role of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems in spreading and eliminating infections List the signs symptoms and causes of sepsis Bacteria growing in the blood Gram negative sepsis endotoxins cause decrease in BP Gram positive sepsis usually nosocomial puerperal sepsis aka childbirth fever Describe the endocarditis Inflammation of the endocardium slow progression Subacute strep staph entero Acute s aureus usually fatal and sudden Discuss the causative agents of Plague Yersinia pestis flea bites rodents Gram enteric Bubonic blood and lymph system septicemia septic shock pneumonic bacteria in lungs Anthrax bacillus anthrasis low gc gram cutaneous gastrointestinal inhalation Lyme disease borrelia burgdorfia ticks are vectors Tularemia rabbit fever Brucellosis undulant fever unpasteurized milk Rickettsial diseases Eherliciosis gram obligate intracellular Epidemic typhus human body louse Rocky mountain spotted fever Describe the etiologies of EBV and CMV caused diseases Human Herepsvirus 4 infectious mononucleosis Paratid gland naso pharynx b cell
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