Exam # 2 Study GuidePart II: From the Readings (20 points)As They Said ItAmerican Society Since 1900Part III: Major Essay (40 points)Exam # 2 Study GuideNOTE: Be prepared to write in pen for the test, and a bluebook will be provided.Part I: Identification Terms (40 points)Six of the following terms will appear on the exam, of which you will need to address FOUR. Each will be worth 10 points, for a total of 40 points for the whole section. A good ID will be more than a sentence. It usually takes at least 4-5 sentences in order to respond to each ID, or about half a page. Be sure that you use relevant information from both the lectures and class textbooks. You will be tested on class material, so do not use Internet sources. Each ID should have two parts: a basic definition of the term including who, what, where, when, why, etc. and the significance of the term, or how it relates to a broader historical theme, event, etc. Dawes Plan- The Dawes Plan was a strategy in 1929 in which the US sold bonds to citizens to invest in the rebuildingof Germany and helped reduce the country’s reparation debt. Unfortunately, the plan was insufficient,as the money sent to Germany was used incorrectly: to pay bills instead of to rebuild industry. Germanyused the money to pay reparations to Britain and France, who had to pay off loans back to the US.Instead of investment, the money only went through circulation.Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity SphereCulture of Consumption- The Culture of Consumption was a period of socially accepted mass spending in the US after WWI, inwhich Americans were pressured to continually buy from large companies and shift to consumerculture. The Culture led to a time characterized by cheap goods and services bought for fun and leisure,and resulted in the creation of an advertising industry. This era was significant in that it eventually ledto the Great Depression when surplus capital couldn’t be invested in growing businesses.Henry FordMohammad Mossadegh- Who: America, Britain, Iran HIST 1378 1st Edition- What: Mossadegh wanted to change the oil relationship with Britain by nationalizing the production of Oil in Iranto help Iran more. Britain and the US would not stand for this, so the CIA helped the Iranian Army to overthrow him.- When: 1953- Where: Iran, Britain, USA- Importance: What this effectively shows is that even in far off lands such as Iran, the US can still have power overthem in that if they do not comply with their interests, the rebel will be overthrown. Upon getting into Iran, the US had to once again use the "soviet threat" justification to push out Russia, who were trying to get oil contracts,the same thing that the US and Britain did right afterwards. This shows that with the Cold War in full swing, the US could use that justification to get their way.Thunder from the Left - The “thunder on the left” was a term by historian Charles Beard that refers to criticisms of the NewDeal from Roosevelt’s own supporters. They argued that Roosevelt was not doing enough to help thepoor. The criticism was not just political, but cultural as well, as many artists portrayed the problems ofthe New Deal through songs like “This Land is Your Land” (a song claiming that all Americans have aright to America and its bounty) by Woody Guthrie and playwrights like “Waiting for Lefty” by CliffordOdets.Appeasement- Appeasement was a policy in the late 1930s in which the main powers avoided conflict with Germanyand allowed Hitler to rebuild the military despite orders from the Treaty of Versailles as well take overCzechoslovakia, Austria, and other areas in order to prevent another war from igniting. However, thisidea was not successful, because it allowed Germany to build up its military base large enough to startWW2 and allow Hitler’s power to expand.Military Keynesianism- Who: John Keynes, FDR, Germany- What: This was the belief that debt was okay as long as it was used to put that country ahead again, in a military sense though, in fighting a war- When: 1939-1944- Where: American Factories, the War in Europe - Importance: Because of the WW2, FDR had a non-socialist sounding reason to spend lots of tax payer money, which was able to actually lift America out of the great depression. The money first went to factories to create supplies, then to that as well as men out on the front linesPearl Harbor- Who: America, Japan - What: This is when Japan attacked the Naval Base on Hawaii, Pearl Harbor- When: 1941- Where: Hawaii- Importance: America was a major oil supplier to Japan, and up until they 1941 they traded a lot. In 1941, the US imposed an oil embargo on Japan to stop them from taking over China. Japan attacked in hopes of scaring the USinto lifting the embargo, but it didn't work. As a result of this, America goes into the war full fledged against Japan and is much more gung ho about it Woody Guthrie- Woody Guthrie was a political activist and a folk musician who was known for writing songs aboutpeople who had been ignored during the Depression era. His most lasting work was “This Land is YourLand,” a song about democracy in which he claims that all people, not just the rich and powerful, ownAmerica and have a right to its bounty. Guthrie’s music made many Americans aware of the hardshipsof life during the depression and helped put pressure on the politicians to do something about it.Yalta- Who: Stalin, FDR, Churchhill- What: This was a meeting between the "Big Three" of the Allies to decide what to do in the post-war world- When: 1945- Where: Northern Ukraine Importance: What was decided at Yalta was: the Soviet Union's entrance into the war against Japan 90 days after the warin Europe ends, that they shouldn't have all of East Europe, and that Poland should have democratic elections. What thiseffectively does is set the groundwork for the Cold War by setting the stage for showing up the Russians with the A-bomband the tension over the Eastern Europe lands. Works Progress Administration - Who: FDR, Huey Long, Upton Sinclair, the Unemployed American People- What: The WPA was a federal stimulus program that provide the unemployed with jobs - When: 1935- 1940- Where: American Public Places- Importance: FDR initiated the 2nd New Deal to help with the problem of consumption rather than the problem of production, in response to critics such as Huey Long and Upton Sinclair. This