HIST 1378 TTh 2:30-4 PM Lecture 17Outline of Last Lecture The End of WWII and The Origins of the Cold War- Wartime Factorso Second Fronto A-Bombo Italian Surrender- Reconstructing Postwar Europeo Yalta and the Question of Eastern Europe Poland GermanyOutline of Current Lecture The End of WWII and The Origins of the Cold War (cont.)- Strategies for Hegemony: Economic and Politicalo Bretton Woods IMF (Currency Stabilization) World Bank (“reconstruction and development”) The dollar and convertibilityo United Nations Security Council and Veto Inclusion and Power- Containment: Economic, Military, and Political [Kennan]o Bretton Woods, Loans, and the Marshall Plano The “Iron Curtain”o The Truman Doctrineo Berlin Blockadeo NATOCold War/ Hot War in the “Third World”- Situation in Asia Current LectureThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.The End of WWII and The Origins of the Cold War- Wartime Factorso Before US and Soviet Union joined Cold War, they had an alliance against Hitler’s rule during WWIIo Second Front Stalin wanted Western allies to open another front in Europe in 1942 against the Germanso A-Bomb Decision by Truman to use A-bombs made by Manhattan Project on Japan, utilized statistics and current death rates to weigh invading Japan against dropping bombso Italian Surrender 1943, surrender of Italy to the Allies- Reconstructing Postwar Europeo Yalta and the Question of Eastern Europe (1945) Purpose of discussing Europe’s post-war reorganization Conference was near Yalta in Crimea At the moment, Soviet Union has control of Eastern Europe Poland- Chicago has 2nd biggest population of Polish people Germany- Organizing occupation of Germany was one of top priorities of conference- Cut into 4 zones (British, French, American, and Soviet Union)- US got the industrial west, but Soviet got agricultural easto By end of the war US had control of 50% of international economy- American and Soviet Designs: Churchill, Stalin, and Trumano Open Door - US Goal US still wanted trade, business with the rest of the world US has overwhelming, predominant powero Empire - British Goal Wanted to retain empire (owned Malaysia, Egypt, India, etc.) People had to trade with British currency when it came to trading with countries under British ruleo Defense - Soviet UnionGoals of Cold War : Stop Soviet Union and stop British Empire - because empire had access to somany countries- Strategies for Hegemony: Economic and Politicalo Bretton Woods (July 1944) Nations should consult and agree on international monetary changes which affect each other IMF (Currency Stabilization) - placed as permanent international body ti assist in reconstruction of world’s international payment system post WWII- Countries contribute $ to a pool through a quota system World Bank (“reconstruction and development”) The dollar and convertibilityo United Nations Security Council and Veto- Purpose to address failings of another international org, League ofNations, in maintaining world peace- Authorized major military and peacekeeping missions in many countries Inclusion and Power- Containment: Economic, Military, and Political [Kennan]o Keep communism from spreadingo Bretton Woods, Loans, and the Marshall Plan - enable countries that are not communist to thrive and get aid so that they do not become communisto The “Iron Curtain”o The Truman Doctrine - If a country is against the communists, then they can call the US to send them money to buy weapons to go against communistso Berlin Blockade - US uses planes to drop supplies (food, clothing), and Russians did not attack these planes because they did not want a war and blockade is lifted (meaning Cold War was done).o NATO - military group, system of collective defenseCold War/ Hot War in the “Third World”- Situation in Asiao China Chinese Civil War: Mao Zedong (CCP) vs. Chiang Kai-Shek - political party called the Guomindang (w/ assist from US)- Gov supposed to fight against Japan and Chinese communists- Formosa (now Taiwan) received money instead of use it to stop Japan because he was more worried about Chinese communists- Japan invaded China- 1945 - Japan defeated and Chiang Kai-Shek is still corrupt, did not really have democracy after Civil War ended, people preferred the communists- US advised Truman not to send money anymore but Truman doesn’t do it because he’s in…o The “China Lobby” - “you have to keep supporting Chiang-Kai-Shek- Civil war ends and communist party winso The Cold War Turns Hot: Korea North Korea invades South Koreao NSC-68 and Military