HIST 1378 1st Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Last Lecture I. None; first lectureOutline of Current Lecture II. ReconstructionIII. Western Movement and Indian GenocideIV. Triumph of Capitalism (North v. South)V. TermsCurrent LectureII. Reconstructiona. National effort to rebuild the South and restore the US, and move forward toward a more, unified nationb. South i. Economy - plantations/farms destroyed, currency worthless, 40% wealth lostii. Politics - US had to find a way to bring Confederation back to Unioniii. Social - what do we do with the ex-slaves? (4 million Blacks freed)c. Plansi. Lincoln - allow southern states back to the US, but after he died, Andrew Johnson did “restoration”1. Demanded only that Confederate states accept 13th amendment and renounce successionii. Congress - Southern states were readmitted with only Confederate leaders bared1. Distribute food to ex-slaves, give educational opportunities, etc.2. Freedmen’s Bureau (term definition below)d. Failuresi. South created an apartheid - rights are based on race (like South Africa)ii. Some northerners exploited ex-slavesiii. Carpetbaggers - northerners who moved south to set up business and take advantage of the economic calamityiv. Ku Klux Klan - carried out campaigns of terror against blacks, attacked meetings of free men, intimidated Blacksv. Rejection of property rights for ex-slavesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1. Effort by Freedmen’s Bureau was short-lived2. Only 30-40,000 blacks gained landIII. Western Movement and Indian Genocidea. Railroadsi. key economic development, essential to create marketsii. Transcontinental Railroad finished after Civil Wariii. Chinese/Irish did labor on railroadiv. Money to make railroad funded by government1. 120,000,000 of land as grant to railroadsb. Problems with Indiansi. Offered to relocate, remove Native Americans from land in order to build railroadsii. US made treaty w/ Sioux Indians, giving them all the land in the Blackhills1. But then…gold, oil found by the Blackhills2. Everyone heads to the hills, Sioux Indians retaliate3. Sioux Indians ask US government, but instead they send army to help white settlers wanting to go the hills. 4. Indians no longer have the land5. Government gets rid of Indian culture, forces Indians to adopt American culture6. US made Indian schools on land, take Indians out of their traditional apparel7. Forced into reservations, treated as “severalty”, or as several individuals rather than as sovereign tribes with different interests8. Banned Indian ceremoniesIV. Triumph of Capitalism (North v. South)a. South had only ONE advantage = cottonb. This is all result of capitalismc. Slavery cannot exist in capitalism (because it is free labor)d. Northern capitalism cannot have slavery because wage labor is more profitable!e. Industrialization and IncorporationV. TermsFreedmen's Bureau - government organization that sent government officials down South to give opportunities for slaves (education, loans, land). Less than 1% actually got benefitsSharecropping - A system of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on the land.Dawes Act (1887) - A federal law intended to turn Native Americans into farmers and landowners by providing cooperating families w/ 160 acres of reservation land for farming or 320 acres for grazing. In the eyes of supporters, this law would “civilize the Indians by weaning them from their nomadic life, by treating them as individuals rather than as members of their tribes, and by readying them for citizenship. Although generally well intentioned, the law undermined Indian culture, in part by restricting their hunting rights on former reservation