HIST 1378 TTh 2:30-4 PM Lecture 3 Outline of Last Lecture I. Class Formation and Work Culturea. Pyramid of Capitalist SystemII. Labor Struggles and Class ConflictIII. Terms (Saint Monday)Outline of Current Lecture IV. Gilded AgeV. Agrarian UprisingsVI. TermsCurrent LectureI. Gilded Age - age of growth in industryand immigrantsa. “The Great Uprising” of 1877i. series of industrial strikes throughout the entire U.S.ii. Pres. Rutherford Hayes spoke out…said that…1. Strikers prevent men willing to work from doing so2. They seize and hold the property of their employers3. The consequent excitement furnishes an opportunity for the dangerous criminal classes to destroy life and property4. “Every man has a right to quarrel with his own bread and butter, but he has no right to quarrel with the bread and butter of other people”5. Every man has a right to refuse to work if the wages don’t suit himor determine for himself the value of his own labor, but he has no right to prevent others from working or determine the value of their labor.b. Haymarket Martyr Louis Ling i. Convicted of sedition inthe Haymarketbombings, sentenced todeathThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.ii. Claimed that they had no proof that he was guiltyiii. He helped make bombs, but claimed that the ones at the Haymarket werenot hisiv. Condemned not b/c of murder, but ANARCHYv. Spoke out about injustice of police forcec. Pullman Strike of 1894i. Testimonials for US Strike Commission1. “Hard labor, low wages”2. While reducing wages the company made no reduction in rents for houses (tenements)ii. Pull man Company denied these claims 1. Said that they treat their workers like individuals/ men2. If they treated their workers like union reps, they could force the company to pay any wage of which they saw fit3. If the workers don’t like their job, they can find a job somewhere else4. Company discriminates against American Railway UnionII. Agrarian Uprisingsa. From Family to Commercial Farmingi. Some farmers urged to minimize their costs while maximizing their profitsii. Lost money because of railroads - had to pay to ship productsb. Producer’s Imagei. “Producer” - both a farmer and a laborerii. Illinois farmers organized into Illinois Producers’ Conventionc. The Grange i. Branch in Illinois, advocated programs to help agriculture, but failed to address overproduction. (Too many farmers, too much productive land). Demonstrated that farmers were capable of organizing a political agenda.d. Populists (Railroads, Monopolies, Trusts)i. Link to People’s Party Platform description: http://projects.vassar.edu/1896/peoplesplatform.html III. Termsa. Knights of Labor/ cooperatives - one of the largest and most important Americanlabor organizations of the 1880s. Promoted uplift of the workingman, demanded 8-hr day, promoted producers’ ethic of republicanism.b. Mark Twain - the term, “Gilded Age” was coined by himc. Henry Clay Frick - developed coke/ steel business, soon headed Carnegie Steel Company. His labor practices helped lead to the Homestead Strike.d. Eugene Victor Debs - president of American Railway Union. His union conducted a successful strike for higher wages against the Great Northern Railway.e. Overproduction - happened every time there wasa discovery of a new oilfield. Damaged economyf. Bimetallism - making both gold and silver tenderg. William Jennings Bryan - i. Supported bimetallism or “free slver”,criticized gold standard, advocatedinflating the currency by the free coinageof silver (good for farmers in debt)ii. Gold standard - limited $ supply but easedtrade w/ other nationsiii. “Cross of Gold” Speech in 18961. "…We shall answer their demandsfor a gold standard by saying tothem, you shall not press downupon the brow of labor this crown of thorns. You shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold."2. Advocated relief for farmers and “free silver” iv. Bryan nominated for president by