Journalism 201 1st Edition Lecture 27 Outline of Last Lecture I Spring Break Outline of Current Lecture I Perspectives on Media Effects II Early 20th Century The Development of Social Science III Nickelodeons 1900 1915 IV Context of Film V Payne Fund Studies 1929 1932 VI War of the Worlds 1938 VII Context VIII Cantril Studies IX Cantril 4 Responses X Cantril Effects on Perception XI Cantril Study Summary XII Summary Magic Bullet Perspective on Media Effects Current Lecture I II III IV Perspectives on Media Effects a Magic Bullet b Two Step Flow c Critical Cultural d Cultivation e Agenda Setting Early 20th Century The Development of Social Science a Scientific method b The problem of mass society c The spectacle of new media Nickelodeons 1900 1915 a Cost a nickel b Small size of store c Handful of short films d Silent live musician e Replaced by bigger theaters 1915 Context of Film a The medium i Multiple sensory experience These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute V VI VII VIII ii Group experience b The social context i Urbanization ii Immigration c The result d Major form of entertainment Payne Fund Studies 1929 1932 a Series of studies to examine the effects of movies on young people b Funded by the Payne Fund c 5 key findings d Payne Fund Findings 1 i Children learn from movies 1 50 60 of what adults learn ii But also what s not true 1 children accept the information in the movies as correct unless it is flagrantly incorrect e Payne Fund Findings 2 i More movie consumption poor deportment school work f Payne Fund Finding 3 i Attitudes toward groups g Payne Fund Finding 4 i Children imitate movies in play h Payne Fund Findings 5 i Adolescents imitate clothing romance i Payne Fund Studies Summary i Movies can have powerful effects 1 Studies were actually a bit more sophisticated but interpretations of the studies emphasized direct uniform effects War of the Worlds 1938 a Radio b From 1920 c In your house d October 30 1938 e Orson Welles age 23 f Adaptation of book by H G Wells g Set up as breaking news bulletins within a regular show h Many tuned in late because of another popular program on another station Context a Developments of radio breaking into programs b Hindenburg 1937 c Hitler already annexed Austria Sudetenland Cantril Studies a Hadley Cantril Princeton psychologist IX X XI XII b Why were some people terrified by the broadcast others not i News reports and Interviews Cantril 4 Responses a Listened to the events described concluded it was a play b Checked other information concluded it was a play c Checked other information continued to believe the broadcast i Bad choices ii 2 3rds of this group went outside looked out window iii Called friends neighbors police iv Most did not check radio newspaper d Made no attempt to check other information i so frightened that they either stopped listening ran around in a frenzy or exhibited behavior that can only be described as paralyzed Cantril Effects on Perception a I stuck my head out of the window and thought I could smell the gas And it felt as though it was getting hot like fire was coming b I looked out of my window and saw a greenish eerie light which I was sure came from a monster Later on it proved to be the lights in the maid s car Cantril Study Summary a Media had a strong direct effect but only on some audience members b For some the effect was powerful and multi sensory c Individuals backgrounds and experiences informed how they interpreted the message whether they believed it d Individuals actions in response to the media affected how they interpreted it Summary Magic Bullet Perspective on Media Effects a Hypodermic needle b Media are i Powerful ii Direct iii Able to incite emotions and actions c The first of several perspectives we will explore
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