BIOl 152 1st Edition Lecture 23Outline of Last Lecture I. CtenophoresII. BilateriansIII. DeuterostomasIV. ProtostomesOutline of Current Lecture I. Lophotrochozoaa. Platyhelminthesb. Molluscac. AnnelidaII. Ecdysozoa a. Nematodesb. Arthropods III. Deuterastomes a. EchinodermataCurrent LectureI. LophotrochozoaThe Lophotrochozoa are a sub taxon to the Protostomes, which are a sub taxon to the Bilaterians. These species have a coelomate, are both freshwater and marine water species, andthe name means a crown of ciliated tentacles that function for gas exchange and help in feeding.a. PlatyhelminthesThe Platyhelminthes are marine, freshwater and terrestrial organisms, and are most commonly known as free-living flat worms. They are acoelomate; they have a digestive tracklacking an anus. They are primarily hermaphroditic, meaning that they can be either a male or female. They can carry out sexual or asexual reproduction. They have spiral cleavage, where the mouth forms at the blastomere. They have protoniphridia as the osmoregulatory and excretory organ.b. MolluscaThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.This phylum includes marine, freshwater and terrestrial organisms with more than 100000 species. These organisms have coelomate, most have shells and have a complete digestive track with a mouth and anus. They have a blood vascular system, a gas exchange system andthe osmoregulatory and excretory organ is metaniphridia. They have spiral cleavage and the embryo develops into a trochophore larva. Examples are clams, oysters, and mussels. c. AnnelidaThis phylum includes segmented worms meaning that the body parts are repeated; an ideal example is an earthworm. There are 15000 species and they range in size from microscopic to 3 meters in length. They have coelomate and a complete digestive track with a mouth and anus. They are carnivores, herbivores or scavengers and the osmoregulatory and excretory organ is protoniphridia or metaniphridia. They have spiral cleavage and the embryo develops into a trochophore larva.II. EcdysozoaThe Ecdysozoa are a sub taxon to the Protostomes, which are a sub taxon to the Bilaterians. This taxon includes the Nematodes and the arthropods. A synapamorphy is that these organisms molt or shed an exoskeleton.a. NematodesThe nematodes, or round worms, are extremely abundant, can be freshwater or marine species or terrestrial living in damp environments. They contain a pseudocoel and a complete digestive track with a mouth and an anus. Examples are filial worms and trichinellaspirals, which are both parasitic. b. ArthropodsThis phylum includes more than 1 million species that live in various different environments.These organisms contain segmented bodies, joint legs, and a waxy exoskeleton that supports the animal. They contain a blood vascular system with heart and blood that is called hemolymph, and they contain a central nervous system with a ventral nerve cord. Thefreshwater species have metaniphridia and the terrestrial species have malpighian tubules that reduce water loss. Examples are scorpions, horseshoe crabs, spiders, millipedes, centipedes, insects and crustaceans.III. DeuterastomesThe Deuterastomes are a taxon that belong to the Bilaterians and are different than the protostomes because they contain an anus that forms near or at the blastopore and they have coelomate and a blood vascular system.a. Echinodermata These organisms are mostly marine species that contain five-part radial symmetry, an exoskeleton contain calcareous spines and plates. They have water vascular systems, which wasderived from the coelomic system and helps locomotion and transport of substances. They contain tube feet, which help with gas exchange locomotion and feeding. Examples are