BIOl 152 1st Edition Lecture 17Outline of Last Lecture I. SynapsesII. Nervous System OrganizationIII. Muscle TissueIV. Contraction SequenceOutline of Current Lecture I. Bulk vascular systemII. Vertebrate vascular systemIII. Heart contractionsIV. Blood compositionCurrent LectureI. Bulk vascular systemThe bulk vascular system uses bulk flow to transport oxygen, nutrients, and waste throughout the organism. The bulk vascular system requires that there be enough pressure to support the diffusion of substances along long distances. The bulk vascular system found in invertebrates includes a one-chamber heart where blood travels away from the heart and is flowed back through another sinus.II. Vertebrate vascular systemThe vertebrate vascular system includes a two or four-chambered heart and is more complex than the invertebrate system. This system includes an atrium, which receives blood and sends it to the ventricle, which in turn pumps it to respiratory system and other organs. A single-loop system, commonly found in fish, occurs where the organism has a two-chambered heart and blood is pumped out in one area and pumped in on the other side. Amphibians, reptiles and mammals have double circulation, with a pulmonary circuit and a systematic circuit. III. Heart contractions A systole is the contraction of heart and a diastole is the relaxation of the heart. The senatorial node and an atrioventricular node are pacemaker that is specialized muscle capable of generating an action potential, and sets the contraction rhythm for the heart.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.IV. Blood compositionBlood is composed of plasma, glucose, ions, enzymes, antibodies, hormones, gasses and waste. Blood contains red and white blood cells that are made up in the bone marrow. An ischemic heart attack occurs when blood flow to the brain is blocked and a hemorrhagic heart attack occurs when capillaries break and blood flows out. Hypertension or high blood pressure increases the risk of getting a heart
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