BIOl 152 1st Edition Lecture20 Outline of Last Lecture I Mammalian kidney function II Hormones III Osmoregulation in freshwater fish IV Osmoregulation in freshwater fish Outline of Current Lecture I Non specific barriers II Acquired Adaptive barriers III Humeral immune response IV Cell mediated immune response Current Lecture I Non specific barriers Non specific barriers are body defenses against pathogens such as bacteria viruses and fungi that cause diseases There are two main types of non specific barriers chemical and physical barriers Examples of chemical barriers include tears saliva sweat and stomach acid Examples of physical barriers are skin and mucus lining the stomach The inflammatory response is an example of non specific barriers The response is initiated by damaged tissue from a cut or splinter The tissue is damaged signaling the body to produce histamine which causes the width of the capillaries to dilate as well as increasing the permeability of the capillaries allowing for plasma to leak out which causes swelling Cells then release macrophages which migrate out of the cell and engulf the bacteria II Acquired Adaptive barriers Acquired or adaptive barriers are body defenses that target specific invaders or pathogens bacteria or viruses Antigens are macromolecules located on the surface and are specific to an invader and function to trigger an immune response Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell leukocyte which recognizes specific antigens The two types of lymphocytes are B cells and t cells While both are produced in the bone marrow the B cells mature in the marrow and the t cells mature in the thymus These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute III Humeral Immune response The Humeral immune response involves B cell activation after activation the antibody otherwise known as immunoglobulin Ig recognizes the specific antigen and then tags the invader Helper T cells and antigens activate B cells which produce B cell clones by mitosis The plasma cell clones then produce antigens that tag the invader and make it recognizable to the phagocytosis then the phagocytosis destroys the invader The phagocytosis coats the virus not allowing it to enter the cell or it coats the bacterium and causes it to burst IV Cell mediated immune response The helper T cells activate the cytotoxic T cell After activation the cytotoxic t cell binds to destroy the cell with the pathogen or virus The cytotoxic t cell can also create pores causing the cell to burst exposing the pathogens which can be destroyed by the humeral response
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