BIOl 152 1st Edition Lecture 10Outline of Last Lecture I. Requirements for lifeII. ProkaryotesIII. Reproduction of prokaryotesIV. Biogeochemical CyclesOutline of Current Lecture I. Prokaryotic metabolic diversityII. Species co-evolutionIII. Characteristics of EukaryotesIV. Reproduction of eukaryotesV. Sexual life cycle of eukaryotes Current LectureI. Prokaryotic metabolic diversityProkaryotes are very metabolically diverse, meaning that prokaryotic organisms fall under various categories. These categories have a two-part name and are determined by how the organism gets energy and carbon. For example, an organism that gets energy from the sun is known as a phototroph, whereas an organism that gets energy from a chemical compound is known as a chemotroph. The second part of the name identifies how the organism gets carbon. A heterotroph gets carbon from other organisms, and an autotroph gets carbon as a bi-product of photosynthesis. Therefore there are several possibilities; an organism could be photoautotroph, photoheterotroph, chemoheterotroph, or chemoautotroph.II. Species co-evolutionSymbiosis is the intimate physical relationship between two organisms, in which one of the two is dependent on the other. There are three varieties of symbiosis; commensalism, parasitism, and mutualism. Commensalism occurs when one organism benefits and the other is not effected. Parasitism is when one of the organism benefits and the other is harmed. Mutualism occurs when both organisms benefit from the relationship.III. Characteristics of EukaryotesEukaryotes are referred to as organisms that contain a “true nucleus”. Eukaryotes areidentified by several characteristics; they contain a nuclear membrane, an These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.endomembrane system, mitochondria, a cytoskeleton, and some contain chloroplasts.IV. Reproduction in EukaryotesSexual and asexual reproductions are the two types of reproduction that are identified in eukaryotic organisms. The advantages of asexual reproduction are that it occurs at a fast pace, energy is not wasted looking for and attracting a mate. The advantage of sexual reproduction is an increased genetic variation.V. Sexual Life cycleThere are four different sexual life cycles in eukaryotic organisms. In a unicellular eukaryotic organism, its sexual life cycle could be prominently in the haploid phase, or prominently diploid phase. In animals, which are multicellular organisms, they go through meiosis to reproduce. In vascular plants the cycle starts out in haploid multicellular body then gametic cells, which fuse together to create a
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