BIOl 152 1st Edition Lecture 10 Outline of Last Lecture I Requirements for life II Prokaryotes III Reproduction of prokaryotes IV Biogeochemical Cycles Outline of Current Lecture I Prokaryotic metabolic diversity II Species co evolution III Characteristics of Eukaryotes IV Reproduction of eukaryotes V Sexual life cycle of eukaryotes Current Lecture I II III Prokaryotic metabolic diversity Prokaryotes are very metabolically diverse meaning that prokaryotic organisms fall under various categories These categories have a two part name and are determined by how the organism gets energy and carbon For example an organism that gets energy from the sun is known as a phototroph whereas an organism that gets energy from a chemical compound is known as a chemotroph The second part of the name identifies how the organism gets carbon A heterotroph gets carbon from other organisms and an autotroph gets carbon as a bi product of photosynthesis Therefore there are several possibilities an organism could be photoautotroph photoheterotroph chemoheterotroph or chemoautotroph Species co evolution Symbiosis is the intimate physical relationship between two organisms in which one of the two is dependent on the other There are three varieties of symbiosis commensalism parasitism and mutualism Commensalism occurs when one organism benefits and the other is not effected Parasitism is when one of the organism benefits and the other is harmed Mutualism occurs when both organisms benefit from the relationship Characteristics of Eukaryotes Eukaryotes are referred to as organisms that contain a true nucleus Eukaryotes are identified by several characteristics they contain a nuclear membrane an These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute IV V endomembrane system mitochondria a cytoskeleton and some contain chloroplasts Reproduction in Eukaryotes Sexual and asexual reproductions are the two types of reproduction that are identified in eukaryotic organisms The advantages of asexual reproduction are that it occurs at a fast pace energy is not wasted looking for and attracting a mate The advantage of sexual reproduction is an increased genetic variation Sexual Life cycle There are four different sexual life cycles in eukaryotic organisms In a unicellular eukaryotic organism its sexual life cycle could be prominently in the haploid phase or prominently diploid phase In animals which are multicellular organisms they go through meiosis to reproduce In vascular plants the cycle starts out in haploid multicellular body then gametic cells which fuse together to create a zygote
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