KIN 100 1st Edition Sports Medicine Lecture 24 What is sports medicine injury prevention origin rehabilitation ACSM AM College of sports medicine Injury etiology Anatomy biomechanics Conditioning issues Psychological and Nervous system issues injury proneness Injury Site Knee 27 Ankle 10 Lower back 9 Concussion Mild brain injury leads to Chronic traumatic Encephalopathy We don t know that much about diagnosing and treating concussions diagnosing hard to do on athletic field easier in doctors office multiple smaller concussions can be worse than one large concussion Cognitive testing done before season redone after suspected concussion Fluid markers if protein is in blood that was released from head injury Imaging ultrasound techniques Heart rate variability Common sports injury problems Delayed onset muscle soreness DOMS exaggerated by eccentric contractions These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute not caused by lactic acid damage to muscle fibers Who gets the soret Don t know effects some people more than others Strains tears in muscle or tendon acute strains brief duration single violent high force event Chronic strains happens over time overuse injury Frequent in hamstrings and quads reasons 1 Hamstring are biparticular or two joint muscle late swing phase hamstring activated eccentrically but trying to shorten rever se forward leg swing high load during muscle lengthening at high rate 2 Short length fibers connective tissue stiffer than contracting muscle more susceptible to strain Lombard s paradox Twojoint muscles s imultaneous activation of muscle antagonists h amstrings and quads S it to stand d iagram on moodle EMG analysis study some people in study had suffered stroke electrical activity is extended over longer period of time in stroke patients than in normal individuals stroke patients also have more simultaneous antagonist activation Therapeutic Treatment Modalities ice heat ultrasound massage lots of anecdotal evidence Is massage effective in increasing blood flow study found that massage group has same blood flow as control group no definite evidence Cryotherapy cold application analgesic coolin g temperature decreases amount of AP sent decreases pain signals no evidence that its beneficial for recovery Contrast temperature water immersion alternate hot cold no recovery evidence Hyperbaric oxygen therapy whole body pressure 1 atm breathing pure O2 mechanisms decre ase local hypoxia and inflammation decre ase free radicals prom ote collagen synthesis Evide nce m ixed Warm up increase muscle temp increase heart rate change metabolic substrate sources Sudden death during exercise rare congenital factors often present little benefit of routine screening heart rate variability Flexibility muscles ability to lengthen or relax repeatedly at least two components passi ve c haracteristics of muscle tendon ligaments activ e n ervous system measuring flexibility sit and reach test improving flexibility static stretching activ e stretching m ore prone to injury impro ves short and long term passive tension
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