KIN 100 1st Edition Lecture 25Pediatric Kinesiology● Why should kinesiologists study children?○ Obesity and children■ more children in each age group are obese now compared to the late 80’s■ CHD risk factors in children● blood lipid profile● obesity○ physical inactivity○ genetics○ ⅔ of children have > 3 risk factors● Fitness is poor● Fitness testing○ CA: only 27% of children meet min. standard of physical activity■ Why has obesity increased?● input=output?● physical activity○ sedentary lifestyle■ using less calories than in the past● nutrition problems○ high calorie snack● increase in passive past times○ TV, video games● Loss of physical Education○ save money by cutting PE programs○ studies are finding that children who have PE everyday perform better academically● Decline in After school sports● change from agrarian society○ children no longer have as many physically active chores● Physical activity decreases throughout high school○ 72% 9th graders get regular physical activity○ 55% 12 th graders● Factors favoring physical activity○ 1. social- friends○ 2. parents participate○ 3. part of school curriculum○ 4. adult role models (pro athletes)○ 5. convenient facilities■ Layout of Adelaide Australia● inner city surrounded by lots of green area○ convenient for physical activityThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.● The science of youth fitness○ laboratory based fitness○ observational research-assess motor behavior○ playgrounds, youth sport programs● Pediatric sports medicine○ environmental physiology issues○ Thermostasis- maintaining body temp■ more difficult in children■ children have larger surface area per unit body mass than adults● >greater heat gain in hot climate■ less sweating in children■ poorer acclimatization than adults■ children are less economical, require more energy for same movement● oxygen cost is greater for younger children○ Why children are less economical■ excessive co-contraction● use more muscles than needed■ shorter stride length, higher stride frequency■ lower storage of elastic energy○ Is weight training safe for children■ no eccentric contractions● loads to high■ de-emphasize competition■ train all major muscle groups■ use full range of motion● adjusts proper load○ Sports medicine issues■ Epiphysis- bone growth plate■ fractures threaten growth○ Pre-competition physical exam● to prevent sudden death during exercise■ may be of limited value● identify 1 kidney, heart murmurs etc are detectable, but not all issues are● low risk of sudden death during exercise and its is not identified○ Load carriage issues■ use of lateral rods to reduce risk of injury● minimize force■ max load should be 10-15% of body weight■ heavier objects closer to
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