KIN 100 1st Edition Lecture 13Biomechanics● Study of physical principles applied to biological systems● Cognate areas○ Sports biomechanics■ Biomechanics of sports performance ● Pole vault, gymnastics○ Rehabilitation■ Biomechanics of gait and injury○ Muscle and tissue mechanics■ Involves physiology and mechanics● Aortic valve allograft, heart valve● Hamstring graft for ACL● History of Biomechanics○ Isaac Newton■ Laws of motion○ Eadweard Muybridge■ Father of the motion picture■ Answered question "do horses ever run with all legs off the ground?"● used high speed cameras as horses ran past● first motion picture● Rules of Biomechanics○ Laws of Motion■ 1. Law of inertia● An object in motion/at rest will stay in that state unless acted upon by a force■ 2. Law of acceleration● Force = mass times acceleration (f=ma)● Momentum=mass times velocity■ 3. Law of reaction● For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction○ XC skiing, hurdles, volleyball ● Center of Mass (com)○ Location where body mass is in balance■ 3 different planesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.○ COM changed with body position○ Equal forces on both sides minimizes stress○ Fosbury flop■ Most effective high jump■ Center of mass never goes over bar by changing body position■ Can clear higher bars● Measurements in biomechanics○ Kinematics- temporal and spatial components of movement■ Temporal- movement happens over time■ Spatial- movement over space■ Displacement■ Velocity= displacement x time■ Acceleration = velocity x time○ Kinetics■ forces during movement● external forces- head injury● internal forces- bone on bone, shearing force● Tools in Biomechanics○ electrogoniometer- records joint angle■ put on joint and records joint angle during movement■ used in PT● can be attached to braces○ Computerized video analysis■ newest motion analysis technology● can compute velocity and acceleration of joints○ Force platform/force transducer■ Fz-vertical force● body weight if still■ Fy- anterior/ posterior● forward backwards movement■ Fx-medio-lateralsideways
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