KIN 100 1st Edition Lecture 24Sports Medicine● What is sports medicine?○ injury prevention/ origin/ rehabilitation○ ACSM AM. College of sports medicine● Injury etiology○ Anatomy/ biomechanics○ Conditioning issues○ Psychological and Nervous system issues■ injury proneness○ Injury Site___________%■ Knee_________27■ Ankle_________10■ Lower back_____9● Concussion○ Mild brain injury■ leads to Chronic traumatic Encephalopathy○ We don’t know that much about diagnosing and treating concussions■ diagnosing● hard to do on athletic field, easier in doctors office● multiple smaller concussions can be worse than one large concussion● Cognitive testing○ done before season○ redone after suspected concussion● Fluid markers○ if protein is in blood that was released from head injury● Imaging○ ultrasound techniques● Heart rate variability● Common sports injury problems○ Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)■ exaggerated by eccentric contractionsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.■ not caused by lactic acid■ damage to muscle fibers■ Who gets the soret?● Don’t know● effects some people more than others○ Strains- tears in muscle or tendon■ acute strains- brief duration● single violent high force event■ Chronic strains● happens over time● overuse injury■ Frequent in hamstrings and quads● reasons● 1. Hamstring are biparticular or two-joint muscle○ late swing phase○ hamstring activated eccentrically but trying to shorten■ reverse forward leg swing○ high load during muscle lengthening at high rate● 2. Short length fibers○ connective tissuestiffer than contracting muscle■ more susceptible to strain○ Lombard’s paradox■ Two-joint muscles●simultaneous activation of muscle antagonists○hamstrings and quads●Sit-to-stand○diagram on moodle■ EMG analysis● study-some people in study had suffered stroke○ electrical activity is extended over longer period of time in strokepatients than in normal individuals○ stroke patients also have more simultaneous antagonist activation■ Therapeutic Treatment Modalities● ice, heat, ultrasound, massage○ lots of anecdotal evidence● Is massage effective in increasing blood flow○ study found that massage group has same blood flow as control group■ no definite evidence● Cryotherapy○ cold application○ analgesic■ cooling temperature decreases amount of AP sent-decreases pain signals○ no evidence that its beneficial for recovery● Contrast temperature water immersion○ alternate hot/cold○ no recovery evidence● Hyperbaric oxygen therapy○ whole body pressure > 1 atm breathing pure O2○ mechanisms■ decrease local hypoxia and inflammation■ decrease free radicals■ promote collagen synthesis■ Evidence●mixed● Warm up○ increase muscle temp○ increase heart rate○ change metabolicsubstrate sources● Sudden death during exercise○ rare○ congenital factors often present○ little benefit of routine screening○ heart rate variability● Flexibility○ muscles ability tolengthen or relax repeatedly○ at least two components■ passive●characteristics of muscle, tendon, ligaments■ active●nervous system○ measuring flexibility■ sit and reach test○ improving flexibility■ staticstretching■ active stretching●more prone to injury■ improves short and long term passive
View Full Document
Unlocking...