Kin 100 1st Edition Lecture 14○ Force Platforms- cont.■ use string gauges● can be attached to bicycle pedals○ findings show beginner and amateur rides only apply force on the down stroke while pro riders apply force down and up● can be used in rehabilitation○ Electromyography (EMG)■ muscle electrical activity● action potentials○ single muscle fiber produces small electrical signal○ signals from entire motor unit and then entire muscle are summed■ large signal ○ Simulation■ data collected from individual (height weight etc) then plugged into computer simulation■ can analyze technique and changes (ie. change angle of knee joint while running)● Applications of Biomechanics○ Why does a curve ball curve?■ Magnus Effect● a ball with no spin will go straight● a ball with a spin will move in the direction of the spin○ high pressure area where ball is spinning backwards, low pressure area where ball is spinning forwards○ objects move from areas of high to low pressure so the ball curves○ The Clap Skate-Speed skating■ ice skate where the heel is not fixed to the skate, only the toe is■ enables skater to skate fasterThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.● skate can be in contact with ice longer● enables plantar flexion○ Biomechanics of swimming■ Bernoulli Principle● more body out of water = less resistance■ Forces in swimming● propulsion- pushing forward on water● resistance- opposing force● lift- raising body out of water● gravity- not as strong but still there■ Types of resistance● frontal resistance● tail suction/ eddy resistance● skin friction■ Streamline- minimizes resistance○ Muscle Mechanics● muscles in parallel○ next to eachother● muscles in series○ on top of each other● muscle partitions■ Why use muscle models?○ limitations of experiments○ safety, legal, ethical issues○ hazardous or painful○ fatigue● Assumptions○ muscle fiber force○ muscle stiffness/compliance■ change in force/change in
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