KIN 100 1st Edition Lecture 5 Purpose of Respiration○ Provides O2○ removes CO2, H+, H2O● Anatomy○ lungs○ trachea○ Bronchii○ diaphragm muscle● Phases of Respiration○ Ventilation (breathing)■ inspiration, expiration○ external respiration■ exchange of gases● bronchii -> alveoli○ Gas transport■ transport O2 in tthe blood● requires hemoglobin○ Internal respiration (cellular respiration)■ O2 -> CO2 transfer in cells● Control of Breathing○ Neural■ rhythm set by breathing center in brain● medulla■ affected by chemoreceptors● O2 sensors○ useful at altitudes● CO2 Sensors○ in carotid sinus● Does hyperventilation improve endurance?○ Nope.■ CO2 sensors have more control than O2 sensors.■ Hyperventilation causes O2 levels to drop but doesn't change CO2 levels, so no signal to breathe is sent- you will pass out● Calorimetry○ Direct Calorimetry■ Measures Heat directly● how much heat you produce○ Indirect Calorimetry■ measures heat indirectly■ utilization of O2, O2 uptake■ VO2 Max- max O2 consumed (mL/Kg/Min)● Second WInd○ subjective sensation of easier breathing during exercise■ Dyspnea- labored breathing in the initial stages of exercise■ Increased diaphragm efficiency- easier to inhale● muscle temp increases ■ Chemical release- endorphins etc■ psychological factors● Can we use extra O2?● Respiration affected by temp, H+, ○ Bohr Effect■ temp or H+ (acidity) increase causes curve to shift■ greater O2 release to tissues-> Hb can't hold as much O2● not efficient in heat● Myoglobin○ O2 carrier in muscles○ contains one iron molecule (Hb has 4)○ important in strenuous● Measuring Lung Volumes○ Spirometer● Breathe Right nasal strips○ originally developed for people with sleep apnea■ useless for normal people■ same with O2
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