PSYCH 370 1st EditionFinal Exam Study Guide Big Five Factors in descending order of strength – big five personality traits are five broad domains or dimensions of personality that are used to describe human personality, openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism Extrovert – an outgoing expressive person, tends to focus on the external world and people, gain energy from other people and the external environment, and usually prefer to be with others High Neuroticism – people who score high on this are more likely to interpret ordinary situations as threatening, and minor frustrations as hopelessly difficult, often self-conscious and shy, may have trouble controlling urges and delaying gratification High in Openness to Experience – tend to have more liberal political views, has moderate positive relationships with creativity, intelligence and knowledge High in Conscientiousness – people are efficient and organized, thorough, careful, vigilant, desires to do tasks well, hardworking, reliable What can you conclude about a person who is highly extroverted – that they are an outgoing expressive person who tends to focus on the external world and people What role does factor analysis play in trait theory – statistical method used to describe variability among observed, correlated variables in terms of a potentially lower number of unobserved variables called factors How could researchers provide evidence that the big five trait factors exist – they show consistency in interviews, self-descriptions and observations Trait theory as a nomothetic approach – pertaining to or involving the study or formulation of general or universal laws Major tenets of humanistic philosophy – a psychological perspective that emphasizes the studyof the whole person, look at human behavior not only through the eyes of the observer but through the eyes of the person doing the behaving Phenomenological approach – the study of structures of consciousness as experienced from the first person point of view, the central structure of an experience is its intentionality, its beingdirected toward something as it is and experience of or about some object These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Who did Maslow base his theories on – based his theory partially on his own assumptions or convictions about human potential and partially on his case studies of historical figures whom he believed to be self actualized, including Albert Einstein and Henry David Thoreau Deficiency Needs – Physiological needs, safety needs, love and belongingness needs, esteem needs Self-actualized people – efficient perception of reality, spontaneity and creativity, kinship with humanity, independent, greater richness and range of emotional reactions, deep intimacy with loved ones, task focused, increased need for privacy and solitude, philosophical humor Fully functioning person as defined by Carl Rodgers – openness to experience, existential living,organismic trusting, experiential freedom, and creativity Organismic Valuing process – a persons inner sense that guides him or her in the direction of growth and health, naturally inclined to reach your highest potential and become your best possible self, every person in intrinsically good, so why do people do bad things or become otherwise