PSYCH 370 1st Edition Lecture 2EXAM ONE NOTESPrevious Lecture- Personality – what is personality? - Defining Personality – o The psychological forces that makes people uniquely themselves o The underlying causes within the person of individual behavior- Three fundamental questions that the study of personality tries to answer o The three “D’s” Description- What do people show- What are fundamental “parts” of personality - Enduring characteristics of the person - Trans-situational behavioral consistency - Individual differences Dynamic- What makes people ”go” - What motivates behavior Development- What makes people “grow” - Where does personality come from - Another Definition – o Personality is the set of psychological traits and mechanisms within the individual that are organized and relatively enduring and that influence his or her interactions with and adaptations of the environment Set of psychological traits –- Characteristic ways in which people differ from one to anothero How many traitso What are their origino What are their correlations and consequences And mechanisms –- Processes in addition to content/structure Within the individual – - Transcends situations That are organized and relatively enduring – - Generally does not change drastically over a lifetime His or her interactions with –- Person x situation interaction o Perceptions People perceive situations differentlyThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Selection People choose their situations o Evocations People evoke reactions in otherso Manipulations People intentionally influence others And adaptations to –- Central feature of personality – responding in functional adaptive ways The environment – - Physical and social environment present adaptive changes- Personalityhelps determine how people experience their environments- Henry Murray Quote: “every person is in certain respects (A) like all other people (B) like some other people (C) like no other peopleo (A)Human nature level Universal among otherso (B) Group difference level Morning people, risk takers, introverts, gender or cultural differenceso (C)Individual uniqueness Ways in which any given person is like no other Current Lecture- What is Personality 2 – Freud 1 o Levels of analysis o Idiographic – Understanding total person - Clinical approach - Grand theorieso Comprehensive o Heuristic valueo Not very testable or parsimonious o Nomothetic – Understanding individual/group differences - Most contemporary research o More testable and parsimonious o Less comprehensive and less heuristic value - Freud’s basic ideaso People are ruled by primitive urges Remain an animalistic nature Sexual and aggressive impulses Selfish and irrational Not consciously accessible Basic motivation underlying all behavior o Society restricts the expression of these urges Inner conflict This conflict produces anxiety that must be managed- Failure to manage this anxiety well produces personality problems Must satisfy urges in socially acceptable ways - Preview of Freud’s theoryo Individual differences Ego defenses, instinctual objectso Adjustment Capacity for love and worko Cognitive processes Much thought is hidden, even from the thinkero Biological influences Biological drives at root of personality o Society Judges “unacceptable” impulseso Development First five years of life - The Unconscious – one of Freud’s most important contributions o Reason does not rule behavioro Often not aware of source of behaviors or emotionso Much behavior never enters the conscious awareness at all- Consciouso Present awareness- Preconscious o Readily made aware- Unconscious o Not readily made aware, anxiety provoking- Manifestations of Unconscious Motivations o Physical symptoms – Conversation hysteria Glove anesthesia o Psychosis Unconscious uncheckedo Dreams Manifest and latent content Dream analysiso Psychopathology of everyday life Parapraxes – “Freudian slips”- Errors in speech, memory, and action Humor Projective
View Full Document