PSYCH 370 1st Edition Lecture 13- Dollard and Miller - Reconceptualizing psychoanalytic theory from learning approacho Individual differences – behaviors and though processes differ due to differences in learningo Adjustment – learned conflict, maladaptive behavior o Cognition – cognition and language facilitate learning o Society and culture – personality develops within a social contexto Biology – biological drive impels behavioro Development –  Reconceptualizes psychosexual stages  Learning occurs throughout life - Four fundamental concepts of learning o In order to learn one must want something, notice something, do something, and get something o Drive – wanting something  A strong stimulus that impels action, a need Primary drives are biological  Drives can be learned o Cue – noticing something  External stimuli, internal states, intrapsychic stimuli (thoughts) Learning consist of strengthening the cue-response connection  Patterns of stimuli as well as a single stimulus  Language often is the cue or facilitates learning it o Response – doing something  Any behavior that can be changed by learning  Overt or hidden (thoughts) Response hierarchies - All the responses that could occur again in a given situation - Dominant response- Learning consists of changing position of responses in the hierarchy - Link to Freudian regressiono Reward – getting something  Drive reduction  Link to Freudian instincts  Reward is impossible without drive - Learning dilemma o Arrange the situation to facilitate desired new response o Change the order of the response hierarchy - Responses can be eliminated by punishment o Another response from hierarchy will occuro If reinforced moves up the hierarchyo Link to superego - Extinction o Although over behaviors may extinguish completelyo Fear and anxiety may noto Link to neurotic anxiety - Spontaneous recoveryo Extinguished response just comes back now and then o Consistent with regression - Stimulus generalization o Sufficiently similar stimuli can act as cueso Response is stronger the more similar the stimulus is to the original stimuli o Consistent with certain ego defenses - Stimulus discrimination o Responding only to particular cues and not similar ones o Possible source of neurotic anxiety - Conflict –o Situation may cue multiple responses  Consistent with intrapsychic conflict- Approach-approach – two approaches mutually exclusive both are desirable, no particular negative consequence to decision - Avoidance-avoidance – both options are undesirable, consequences to both, can produce escape behavior, procrastination- Approach-avoidance – one good option one bad, motivation towards good option grow over time, avoidance motivations grow as you get closer to task and increase in strength rapidly, good desire usually overwhelms them - Double approach-double avoidance – two possibilities both of them have approach element and both have avoidance