Arth 1001 1st Edition Lecture 20Outline of Last LectureI. John Singleton CopleyII. Winslow HomerIII. Eakins Outline of Current Lecture I. Wassily Kandinsky, Improvisation 28, 1912II. Pablo Picasso, Demoiselles d’Avignon, 1907III. Georges Braque, The Portuguese, 1911IV. Pablo Picasso, Still Life with Chair-Caning, 1912V. Umberto Boccioni, Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, 1913VI. Gino Severini, Armored Train, 1915VII. Alfred Stieglitz, Fountain by Duchamp, 1917VIII. Meret Oppenheim, Object (Le Déjeuner en fourrure), 1936Current LectureDate: April 14, 2015Title: Early 20th Century ArtProfessor: Jane BlockerReadings: Art through the Ages, Book E, pp. 835-42, 844-858, 874-879, 884-887. F. T. Marinetti, “The Foundation and Manifesto of Futurism,” Le Figaro(20 February 1909), trans. by Joshua Taylor, in Theories of Modern Art:A Source Book by Artists and Critics, H. B. Chipp, ed. (Berkeley:University of California Press, 1968), pp. 284-289.Terms:These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Avant-garde: French, “advance guard” (in a platoon). Late-19th-and 20th-century artists who emphasized innovation and challenged established convention in their work. Also used as an adjective. (Book E, 836). - Abstraction: A trend in painting and sculpture in the twentieth century. Abstract art seeks to break away from traditional representation of physical objects. It explores the relationships of forms and colors, whereas more traditional art represents the world in recognizable images.- Primitivism: The incorporation in early-20th-century Western art of stylistic elements from the artifacts of Africa, Oceania, and the native peoples of the Americas (Book E 845-846). - Fauvism: An early-20th-century art movement led by Henri Matisse. For the Fauves, colorbecame the formal element most responsible for pictorial coherence and the primary conveyor of meaning. (Book E, 836). - German Expressionism: An early-20th-century regional Expressionist movement. (Book E, 839) - Cubism: An early-20th art movement that rejected naturalistic depictions, preferring compositions of shapes and forms abstracted from the conventionally perceived world (Book E, 847).- Futurism: An early-20th-century art movement Italian art movement that championed war as a cleansing agent and that celebrated the speed and dynamism of modern technology. (Book E, 853). - Dadaism: An early-20th-century art movement prompted by a revulsion against the horror of World War I. Dada embraced political anarchy, the irrational, and the intuitive. A disdain for convention, often enlivened by humor or whimsy, is characteristic of the artthe Dadaists produced (Book E, 835-6). - Surrealism: A successor to Dada, Surrealism incorporated the improvisational nature of its predecessor into its exploration of the ways to express in art the world of dreams andthe unconscious. (Book E, 875). - Bauhaus: A school of architecture in Germany in the 1920s under the aegis of Walter Gropius, who emphasized the unity of art, architecture, and design. (Book E, 884)- World War I~1914-18- World War II~1939-45- Great Depression~1929-mid 1930sWorks:- Wassily Kandinsky, Improvisation, 1912, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York- Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, 1907, Museum of Modern Art, New York- Gino Severini, Armored Train, 1915, Richard S. Zeisler Collection, New York- Umberto Boccioni, Unique Forms of Continuity on Space, bronze, 1913 (cast in 1931), Museum of Modern Art, New York- Marcel Duchamp, Fountain, 1917/1950, glazed sanitary china with black paint, Philadelphia Museum of Art- Meret Oppenheim, Object (Le Déjeuner en fourrure), 1936- Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Model for a glassskyscraper, 1922I. Wassily Kandinsky, Improvisation 28, 1912 - Viewed representation as inferior, felt the needto be artistic- One of the first artists to explore abstraction- Very linear, Streaks of primary colorso Convey feelings with colorjuxtapositions, intersecting linearelements, and implied spatialrelationships. o Abstractions were evolving blueprints for enlightened society emphasizing spirituality (Book E, 841-2)II. Pablo Picasso, Demoiselles d’Avignon, 1907- Brightly colored, primary colors- Not a direct representation of what he viewed- Very linear, many shapes - Flat planes, not as fluid- Modernisto Declared first modernist pictureo Modern (Industrial Revolution, 19thcentury)o Innovation, comparing to past- References Female Nude- Conventional representation reduced togeometric shapes- Far right, strange darkly colored faceo Referring to masks o African colonies dominated by Franceo Africa was considered primitive (Primitivism)III. Georges Braque, The Portuguese, 1911- Not brightly colored - Monochromatic palette- Appears extremely flato Dark outlineso Letters (Two-dimensional)- Fragmented- After close observation, items become vaguely visibleIV. Pablo Picasso, Still Life with Chair-Caning, 1912- Framed in actual rope - Actual chair caning attached- Not drawing or representing the real worldo Actually incorporating the real world- Fragment of word journal- Focus on moment that something occursV. Umberto Boccioni, Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, 1913- Italy doesn’t experience the same Industrial Revolutiono Rural farmers- Futurism - Signified as taking a step forwardo Not being confined to a base- Torso, knee, lego Person is not identifiableo Geometric shapeso Fluidity- Striding into futurism- Avant-gardeo Front-lines of artVI. Gino Severini, Armored Train, 1915 - People pictured are not distinguishable from one anothero Anonymous part of larger technology- Colorful during a time when photos were black and white- Cubismo Broken into facets and planes suggesting action and movement- Futurismo Passion for speedo “whirling life of steel”o Faith in the cleansing action of warVII. Alfred Stieglitz, Fountain by Duchamp, 1917- Tried to submit a urinal he bought- Ordinary article of lifeo Placed it so that its useful significance disappearedo Created a new thought for the object- Challenged conventions of art VIII. Meret Oppenheim, Object (Le Déjeuner en fourrure), 1936 - Women, children, Africans considered primitive minds- Surrealism- Conscious mind suppresses unconscious primitive selfo Slips of the tongue (say something that you didn’t mean to)o Dreamso Exquisite Corpse Wrote a