Title: Ancient Roman Art Guest lecturer: Professor Matthew CanepaIn preparation for classTermsList of worksArtH1001 1st Edition Lecture 3Outline of Last LectureI. Neolithic EraII. Clay in Early MesopotamiaIII. Sumerian CultureIV. AssyriaV. BabylonVI. Achaemenid PersiaVII. EgyptI. Pre/Early Dynastic PeriodII. Fourth DynastyOutline of Current Lecture I. Scope of the ClassII. Mainland Greece/Aegean Islands/Modern Day TurkeyIII. Alexander the Great’s ConquestIV. Greek ArtV. Development of the Greek TempleVI. Greek Pottery: SymposiumVII. Classical EraVIII. Classical Athens: After the Persian WarsIX. Hellenistic PeriodX. Roman Art and ArchitectureCurrent LectureDate: January 27, 2015Title: Ancient Greece/Hellenistic WorldProfessor: Matthew CanepaThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Required Readings:Art through the Ages, Book A, pp. 105-163Terms:- Caryatid: a female figure that functions as a supporting column (pg. 72, 117, Book A)- Contrapposto: The disposition of the human figure in which one part is turned in opposition to another part (usually hips and legs one way, shoulders and chest another), creating a counterpositioning of the body about its central axis. Sometimes called “weight shift” because the weight of the body tends to be thrown to one foot, creating tension on one side and relaxation on the other (pg. 129, Book A)- Hippodamian city plan: A city plan devised by Hippodamos of Miletos vs. 466 BCE, in which a strict grid was imposed on a site, regardless of the terrain, so that all streets would meet at right angles (pg. 154, Book A)- Pan-hellenic (Sanctuary): A term meaning 'all Greek', referring to regional sanctuaries which attracted dedications from within the Greek world.- Basic Architectural Vocabularyo Classical Orders Doric: The Doric order is characterized by, among other features, capitals with funnel-shaped echinuses, columns without bases, and a frieze of triglyphs and metopes (pg. 116, Book A) Ionic: The Ionic order is characterized by, among other features, volutes, capitals, columns with bases, and an uninterrupted frieze (pg. 116, Book A) Corinthian: More ornate form than Doric or Ionic, it consists of a double row of acanthus leaves from which tendrils and flowers grow, wrapped around a bell-shaped echinus. Although this capital form is often cited as the distinguishing feature of the Corinthian order, no such order exists, in strict terms, but only this type of capital used in the Ionic order. (pg. 151, Book A)o Column: a vertical, weight-carrying architectural member, circular in cross-section and consisting of a base (sometimes omitted), a shaft and a capital (pg. 10, 51, Book A)o Capital: The uppermost member of a column, serving as a transition from the shaft to the lintel. In classical architecture, the form of the capital varies with the order (pg. 51, 60, 116, Book A)o Base: In ancient Greek architecture, the molded projecting lowest part of Ionic and Corinthian columns. (Doric columns do not have bases) (pg. 51, 116, Book A)o Frieze: The part of the entablature between the architrave and the cornice; also, any sculpture or painted band in a building. (pg. 31, 116, Book A)o Pediment: In classical architecture, the triangular space (gable) at the end of a building, formed by the ends of the sloping roof above the colonnade; also, an ornamental feature having this shape. (pg. 115, 116, Book A)- Templeo Cella: The chamber at the center of an ancient temple; in a classical temple, the room in which the cult statue usually stood (pg. 33, 115, Book A)o Colonnade: A series of a row of columns, usually spanned by lintels (pg. 70, Book A)- Ziggurat: In ancient Mesopotamian architecture, a monumental platform for a temple (pg. 33, Book A)List of Works- Exekias, Achilles and Ajax Playing Dice, 540-530 BCE. Black Figure amphora Musei Vaticani, Vatican City- Kallikrates and Iktinos (architects), Parthenon, Akropolis, Athens, ca. 447- 438 BCE, marble- Nike Adjusting Her Sandal, from the Temple of Athena Nike, Akropolis, Athens, ca. last quarter of the 5th century BCE, marble relief sculpture, Acropolis Museum, Athens- Polykleitos (sculptor), Doryphoros, ca. 450-440 BCE, marble (Roman Copy of Greek bronze original), Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples- Lysippos, Alexander the Great, from a Hellenistic copy, ca. 200 BCE, possibly after a 4th-century BCE original, marble, Archaeological Museum, Pella- Palace of Ai Khanum, Afghanistan, ca. 300-150 BCE, Greco-Bactrian KingdomI.Scope of the Class- Classical Greece (ca. 1000-330s BCE)o Dark Ages, Geometric, Orientalizingo Archaico ‘Classical’- Hellenistic Age (336-33 BCE)o Conquests of Alexandero Age of the Diadochoi (Successors)- Next week: Rome “753 BCE”- 4th centuryo Early Italian (Etruscan)o Roman Republic (509-33 BCE)o Roman Empire (31 BCE)II. Mainland Greece/Aegean Islands/Modern Day TurkeyClassical AegeanImportant City-States- Athens- Sparta- Thebes- CorinthImportant Pan-Hellenic Sanctuaries- Olympia- Delphi- Epidauros- DelosIII. Alexander the Great’s ConquestInvasions of New people, economiccollapseCulture lostShown in Vases, differences intechnique/style Shape remains, technologicalsimilarities (potter’s wheel) IV. Greek ArtIn Greek art, eyes forced interaction with viewerGreek learned proportions from EgyptBased off of length of human hand“Kouros”: statue of young man“Kore”: Statue of young women Grave markers Idealized version of deceasedTry to get young men to fight inbattleV. Development of the GreekTempleVI. Progression from Temples fromMud and Wood to StoneEmergence of the Orders:DoricIonicTechnology: Stoneworking from EgyptRoof tilesIncreasing political centralization:Means and motive for monumental buildingVII. Context of Greek Pottery was the SymposiumSymposiumLiterally a “drinking together” of aristocratic malesAttic vase-paintings were made for use at these parties They were symposium paraphernaliaKylix: Drinking cupBlack-figure pottery: Details etched onto surface (Figures are black)StylusExekias (painter and potter) Ajax and Achilles playingdiceVIII. Classical EraNaturalistic approach to sculpting the human bodyStudy of physiologyContrapposto: weight shift, counter poiseHyper-perfected bodyNudity: Enslavement or divinity, only heroes/godsportrayed as nudeNike Adjusting Her Sandal, from the Temple of Athena Nike,Akropolis, Athens, ca.