ArtH 1001 1st Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture I. StupasII. Dream of MayaIII. Meditation of BuddhaIV. Gift of the Jetavana GardenV. Vidhura Pandita JatakaVI. Golden Deer JatakaVII. The Great Stupa at Sanchi VIII. Conversion of the KashyapasIX. Overcoming MaraX. East GateOutline of Current Lecture I. ConstantineII. Churchesa. Hagia Sophiab. San Marcoc. San VitaleIII. Characteristics of Byzantine ArtIV. North Europe/EnglandCurrent LectureDate: February 10, 2015Title: Western Medieval ArtProfessor: Roberta BartoliReadings:Art through the Ages, Book B, pp. 255-270, 311-330, 333-349.Adolf Katzenellenbogen, “The Central Tympanum at Vézelay: Its Encyclopedic Meaning in Relation to the First Crusade,” Art Bulletin, 26, 1944, pp. 141-151.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Terms:- Saint/Saints: From the latin word sanctus, meaning “made holy by god”. Applied to persons who suffered and died for their Christian faith or who merited reverence for their Christian devotion while alive. In the Roman Catholic Church, a worthy deceased Catholic who is canonized by the pope (Book B, 237, 402)- Madonna and Child- a representation of the Virgin Mary holding the infant Jesus.- crucifix/Crucifixion- a representation of a cross with a figure of Jesus on it- God Almighty- the one who has ultimate power over everything- Four Evangelists- The authors of the New Testament Gospels (Book B, 314)- Twelve Apostles- Greek, “messenger”, Disciples of Jesus (Book B, 240)- Tetramorph- (Christian Art) The union of the four attributes of the Evangelists in one figure, which is represented as winged, and standing on winged fiery wheels, the wings being covered with eyes.- Gospels- The four New Testament books that relate the life and teachings of Jesus (Book B, 312)- Last Judgment- day at the end of time following Armageddon when God will decree the fates of all individual humans according to the good and evil of their earthly livesList of Works:- Emperor Justinian and HisCourt and Empress Theodora andHer Court, San Vitale, Ravenna,Italy, mosaic, ca. 547- Book of Kells, Monogram Page(Chi-Rho), Dublin, Trinity CollegeLibrary (ms. 58, A.16, fol. 34 v.),late 8th- early 9thcentury- Bronze doors from the Church ofSt. Michael, Germany, Hildesheim,Cathedral, ca. 1015- The Mission of the Apostles, Vézelay, France, narthex central portal, tympanum, ca. 1120-1132- Gislebertus, The Last Judgment, Autun, Church of St. Lazare, France, central portal, ca. 1120-1135- Virgin and Child in Majesty (“The Morgan Madonna”), originally from Auvergne France, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 1150–1200I. Constantine- Ruled large area - Constantinople- Made law that ended the persecution of Christians- Championed Christian Religiono Constructed Basilica of St. Peter, Rome (4th centuryo Basilica of Maxentius (finished under Constantine) 308-312 C.E.II. ChurchesHagia Sophia (Completed 537 CE)- Istanbul, Turkey- Built by JustinianVenice, San Marco (Founded 1096)- Walls covered in gold mosaics- Many elements in common with the HagiaSophiaRavenna, Church of San Vitale (completed 548 C.E.)- Number 8 importanto Plan includes octagons o Infinite symbol when turned sideways,infinity represents Christian rebirth- Justinian bring bread for the Eucharist- Theodora brings wine- Emperor connected with Godo Generosity- Justinian and Theodora were never actually inRavennao Mosaics represent Justinian’sauthority/presence in all realms of hisempireIII. Characters of Byzantine Art1) Absence of reference to the natural world2) Objects and figures deny tri-dimension-they tend to be bi-dimensional3) Hieratic attitude of the figures4) Stress is given to the super-natural significance of the subjects, through color and the lavish use of gold5) Subjects are not following a narrative, but are represented as an “epiphany”-they tend to be iconsIV. North Europe and England1) Tendency towards an intricate linearism2) Interwoven space3) Taste for fabulous figures and monsterBook of Kells- Books were always hand-written- Manuscript containing the Four Gospels- Hiberno-SaxonLindisfarne Gospels, “Carpet Page” - Introducing of the Gospel of St. Johno The eagle is the symbol of St JohnCrown of the Holy Roman Empire (Vienna, Hofburg, Schatzkammer)- Late 10th-early 11th Century- Large stoneso Represented power of emperor- Four plaques in enamel, probably ByzantineHildesheim, Church of St. Michael, 1001-1031- Cast Bronze- The Narrative follows the direction of the arrows- Left wing: Scenes from the Old Testament (Genesis) - Right wing: scenes from the New TestamentCrusades- Purpose: to rescue tomb of Christ (Jerusalem)o Actually an excuse, real reason was to expand territory- “Via Francigena” (pilgrimage to Rome)o St James tomb in Santiago de CompostelaVézelay, Sainte Madeleine, Narthex Main Portal: Mission of the Apostles (1120-1132)- Reaches to Apostles- Breaks arch with head- Christ giving mission to Apostles - Flat-nosed Ethiopian, Armenian high clogs,Crippled on crutches, Cappadocia, Dog-headed people of the Gange river, Big-earspeople: Panotii, Knights and CrusadersAutun (France) Cathedral of St. Lazare, Tympanum, The Last Judgment 1120-32 by Gislebertus- Left-Blessed Oneso Raise from graveso Angels help them up toarch - Right-Damned to hello Devils Mouths open Manifestation ofevilo Luxuria (Lust)- Resurrectiono Tremblingo Two giant hands reach outMadonnas- Small, Portable- Wooden- Typical of France- Geometric- Throne of wisdom- Christ sits holding bible, book of