Lecture 12Outline of Last Lecture I. Michelangelo, “David”II. Sistine ChapelIII. Raphael, Portrait of Julius IIIV. Raphael, Portraits for the Stanza dellaSegnaturaa. The School of AthensV. Albrecht Durer, “Melencolia I”VI. Hieronymus Bosch, “Garden of Earthly Delights”VII. Parmigianino, Madonna of the Long NeckOutline of Current Lecture I. Baroque PeriodII. CaravaggioIII. Caravaggio, Calling of St. Matthew, 1601IV. Bernini, Apollo and Daphne, 1622-25V. Cornaro ChapelVI. Baciccio, Triumph of the Name of Jesus, 1676-79VII. Peter Paul RubensVIII. Rubens, Consequences of War, 1638-39Current LectureTitle:17th Century European ArtProfessor: Steven OstrowReadings:Art Through the Ages, Book D,669-675, 678-686, 697-700ARTH 1001 1st EditionTerms:- Baroque: The traditional blanket designation for European Art from 1600 to 1750. The stylistic term Baroque, which describes art that features dramatic theatrically and elaborate ornamentation in contrast to the simplicity and orderly rationality of Renaissance art, is most appropriately applied to Italian art of this period. This term derives from barroco. (Book D, 670)- Barroco: Portuguese, “irregularly shaped pearl.” See baroque (Book D, 670)- Counter-Reformation: The reaction of the Roman Catholic Church to the Reformation. According to the Council of Trent and the Catholic Church artworks should be a clear, intelligible subject realistically interpreted in order to stimulate piety. This was part of the reason that the artwork turned towards naturalism, becoming emotionally engaging and intense.- Cardinal Scipione Borghese: was an ambitious patron of the arts. He assembled an impressive collection of ancient statuary at his suburban villa (now the Galleria Borghese in Rome) and in the 1620s gave the sculptor Gian Lorenzo Bernini some of his first major commissions.- Chiaroscuro: In drawing or painting, the treatment and use of light and dark, especially the gradations of light that produce the effect of modeling. (Book D,409)- Tenebrism: Painting in the “shadowy manner”, using violent contrasts of light and dark, as in the work of Caravaggio. The term derives from tenebroso. (Book D, 683)- Thirty Years War: A war waged in the early seventeenth century that involved France, Spain, Sweden, Denmark, Austria, and numerous states of Germany. The causes of the war were rooted in national rivalries and in conflict between Roman Catholics and Protestants.Works:- Caravaggio, Calling of St. Matthew, 1601, Contarelli Chapel, San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome- Gianlorenzo Bernini, Apollo and Daphne, 1622-25, marble, Villa Borghese, Rome- Gianlorenzo Bernini, Cornaro Chapel (with Ecstasy of St. Teresa, 1644-52, mixed media, S. Maria dellaVittoria, Rome- Baccicio (Giovanni Battista Gaulli), Triumph of the Name of Jesus, 1676-79, fresco, Church of the Gesù, Rome- Peter Paul Rubens, Consequences of War, 1638-39, Palazzo Pitti, FlorenceI. Baroque Period- Naturalism- Psychology: passions of the soul- The infinite in space, light, and time- Classical antiquity- Self-awareness and subjectivity- Fantasy, theatricality, the marvelousII. Caravaggio- Transforming all the traditions of Renaissance Art- Small works in Romeo Secular and sacredo Cardinal brought him into homeo 1599- First public commissioned 4 paintingsIII. Caravaggio, Calling of St. Matthew, 1601- Oil on canvas- Traditionally, Roman chapels done in fresco- Approx. 12ft*10ft- Instructions: Follow passage in gospel of Saint Matthew- Space is relatively limited- Color scheme rather subdued- Light streaming in, shadows (Caravaggio’s style)- Outstretched hand, brightly illuminated - Images could move and delight the soul- The church decided that art had to be OrthodoxIV. Bernini, Apollo and Daphne, 1622-25- Most dramatic moment- Middle of transformation- Takes inspiration from text- Sense of flight/dynamic movement- Moment of her scream/his awarenessV. Cornaro Chapel- Bernini, 17th century- Rome- Chapel for St. Theresa- Main art work-Ecstasy of St. Theresao Union with god- An angel came down and struck Theresa with a spear - Toes curled under, sign of sexual orgasm- Barrel vault and nave, completely void of decorationsVI. Baciccio, Triumph of the Name of Jesus, 1676-79- Ceiling presents allegory of the triumph of the name of Jesus- IHS-Latin abbreviation for Jesus- Blessed looking up- Lower edge of ceiling-cast condemned away and down to hellVII. Peter Paul Rubens- 9 years in Italy where he studied Caravaggio- Counterpart of Venini- Spoke/Read many languages- Artists use personification in allegoryVIII. Rubens, Consequences of War, 1638-39- Principle figure-Mars (God of War)- Thirty Years War (1618-1648)o Protestants v Catholics- Spread among powers of Europe- Economies ruined, disease, loss of life,etc.- Image of pain, violence, anguish,