HES 2823 1st Edition Lecture 19 Outline of Last Lecture I Fat Soluble Vitamins continued A Vitamin A continued 1 Toxicity continued B Vitamin D 1 Function 2 Deficiency 3 Food Sources 4 Toxicity C Vitamin E 1 Function 2 Deficiency Outline of Current Lecture I Fat Soluble Vitamins continued A Vitamin E continued 1 Food Source 2 Toxicity B Vitamin K 1 Functions 2 Deficiency 3 Food Source 4 Antagonist II Water Soluble Vitamins A Vitamin C 1 Functions 2 Deficiency 3 Food Sources Current Lecture I Fat Soluble Vitamins continued A Vitamin E continued 1 Food Source a Vegetable oil 2 Toxicity a To much will not kill you These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute b Only over consumed through pill supplements c Interferes with vitamin K causing a deficiency in that vitamin which can lead to hemorrhaging excessive bruising B Vitamin K 1 Menaquinone animal source 2 Phylaquinone plant source 3 Menadionne synthetic vitamin K mostly commonly put in vitamin pills 4 Functions a Blood clotting i Required to make the protein net that forms in place of a cut or abrasion to catch and clot red blood cells b Bone formation 5 Deficiency a Hemorrhaging i Common in US with newborns at greatest risk The placenta from mother to baby has two parts one section filled with mother s blood and one section filled with baby s blood Nutrient exchange occurs across the membrane separating the two Vitamin K does not cross the membrane well A risk of brain hemorrhage after birth emerges To treat this condition doctors inject newborns with the vitamin or insert drops 6 Food Source a Gut bacteria produce vitamin K that the body can absorb i Babies born sterile and deficient in vitamin K with no bacteria to produce it b Green leafy vegetables are the richest source 7 Antagonist to vitamin K a Moldy clover contained the antagonist dicoumarol as discovered by researchers at the University of Wisconsin in the 1930s b They patented the compound as rat and mouse poison and called it Warfarin c Created the foundation WARF Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation prior to this d Anticoagulant prevents blood clotting e Also used in preventing blood clots in humans as prescribed medication i Warfarin is used but called Coumadin ii With the warfarin prescription the vitamin K intake must remain stable II f WARF is now worth over 1 billion through the sale of Dicon 8 No vitamin K toxicity Water Soluble Vitamins A Vitamin C 1 Ascorbic acid 2 Functions a Antioxidant i Linus Pauling 1940s described the helical structure of protein 1950s completed double helical DNA structure research scammed by Watson and Crick Nuclear Test Ban Treaty led charge in the 1960s Study completed to cure the common cold o Third graders given either the placebo or vitamin C to see if vitamin C intake lessened the risk of the common cold o No one could repeat his study Book on research regarding vitamin C and cancer o Much disbelief within the scientific community o Work unrecognized but correct because through antioxidants vitamin C does reduce cancer risks o Vitamin C protects cell DNA from damage from free radicals Once damage occurs the cells either dies repairs the damage or alters its state becoming cancerous Not the only antioxidant that can do this b Required for collagen formation 3 Deficiency a Scurvy i Historically common in British sailors So common that in the 1600s entire British ships would be found floating out in the ocean with the entire crew dead due to the disease Spanish sailors did not suffer from this Kind of England had physicians study the problem who determined that adding citrus fruits to ship provisions could cure the issue This is why British sailors are still called limeys ii Symptoms Purplish spots on the skin surrounding hair follicles Teeth loosen and fall out Delirium Slow painful death 4 Food Sources a Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C i Cruciferous vegetables broccoli brussel sprouts cauliflower cabbage ii Strawberries iii Citrus fruits oranges lemons limes