HES 2823 1st Edition Lecture 16 Outline of Last Lecture I Balanced Nutrition Lifestyle A Basic Information B Components of Weight Management 1 Dietary Requirements 2 Exercise 3 Behavior Modification 4 Group Support 5 Nutrition Education Outline of Current Lecture I Vitamins A Purified Diet and Early Understanding of Nutrition B Characteristics of Vitamins C Fat Soluble Vitamins 1 Vitamin A Current Lecture I Vitamins A Purified diet idea pure sources of nutrients mixed together as earliest concept of nutrition 1 Nineteenth century society was more concerned with animal nutrition than human nutrition 2 Researchers originally fed a mixture of pure carbohydrates proteins and fats to livestock but the animals died 3 To further study the idea they fed rats the first instance of their use in scientific studies the same mixture and all subjects died as well 4 They then added liver to the rat diet and noticed fewer nutrition deficiencies and longer life spans than before 5 Yale researchers Osborne and Mendel identified a compound in the liver necessary for survival in 1915 a They called it fat soluble A b Mendel instituted the first nutrition program at Yale in the 1930s These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute i He had a graduate student Albert Hogan who had a graduate student Boyd O Dell who had a graduate student Dr K ii O Dell is 96 years old and has rectangularized the health curve for himself 6 Researcher Funk later discovered the compound water soluble B a He isolated this and found a vital amine compound which he named vitamine a term that was later given to all like compounds b The solution containing vitamin B had multiple smaller compounds within it also 7 These studies lead to standardized terminology for water and fat soluble vitamins a Fat Soluble Vitamins i Stored and toxic ii Vitamins A D E K b Water Soluble Vitamins i Not stored and less toxic ii Vitamins C B12 B6 Thiamin Folate Riboflavin Niacin Pantothenic Acid Biotin B Characteristics of Vitamins 1 Organic compounds 2 Required in small amounts within the diet 3 No energy not a source of kcal C Fat Soluble Vitamins 1 Vitamin A a Three forms i Retinol Stored in the liver Also only form of vitamin A found in pill supplements but referred to as retinyl palmitate a stabilized form with the vitamin bound to the fatty acid ii Retinal Not found in food Beta carotene yellow orange pigment in fruits and vegetables is converted to this iii Retinoic Acid Not found in food A drug such as Accutane or Retin A used for acne skin care and lotions or creams for antiaging b Functions i Used to make photosensitive compounds within the eye Light enters the eye through the cornea and reaches the retina at the back of the eye The retina contains light sensitive compounds that react chemically sending messages to the brain to interpret and create images Early photography mimicked this process ii Aids mucus secretion produced by epithelial tissues Epithelial tissues lines the insides of humans and produces mucus If vitamin A is deficient the tissue becomes Keratin secreting which is a dry brittle protein
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