COMM 1113 1st Edition Lecture 8 Outline of Last Lecture I. ListeningA. Types of ListeningB. Barriers to Effective ListeningC. SilenceOutline of Current Lecture I. Basic InformationII. Are males and females socialized differently?III. What do males and females learn about communication?Current LectureI. Basic InformationA. Sex: biological chromosomes, hormones, reproductive organs1. Testosterone: related to activity (active as opposed to passive)B. Gender: cultural, walking, talking, dressing, drinkingC. Sexual Orientation: desireII. Are males and females socialized differently?A. Boys’ Games and Toys1. Large groups, competitive, clear goals, specific rules and roles, the game or toy specifies who does what, action-driven, involve physical activity2. Tanks, footballs, carsB. What do boys learn in terms of communication rules?1. Use communication to assert ideas, opinions, identity2. Use talk to achieve, solve problems3. Use talk to attract or maintain attention4. Use communication to stand out5. Hide vulnerabilities to look strong (competition)C. Girls’ Games and Toys1. Pairs or small groups, no pre-set rules or roles, the game or toy requires player to talk all the time to define roles, no winners or losers2. Dolls, tea set, babiesD. What do boys learn in terms of communication rules?1. Use communication to create and maintain relationships2. Use communication to nurture egalitarian relationships with others3. Use communication for inclusion to make funThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.4. Use communication to express and learn about others (sensitive)E. Gender Binary (masculine and feminine)III. What do males and females learn about communication?A. Girls develop feminine communication styles based on cooperation and bondingB. Boys develop masculine communication styles based on competition and controlC. Feminine Verbal Communication Styles1. Communication used to express and create bonds2. Seeks symmetry3. Support others, express emotion4. Use of intense adverbs to offer feedback or ask probing questions5. Inclusive talk6. Responsiveness7. Personal and concrete (personal stories, examples, experiences)8. Tentative style (hedges, qualifies, tag questions)D. Masculine Verbal Communication Styles1. Use of “I”2. Less self disclosure (avoid vulnerability)3. Give advice4. Instrumentality: problem-solving, strategizing, obtaining facts5. Speak and interrupt more frequently6. Derail conversation: to return to topics of expertise7. Assertive forms of speech8. Abstract more than personal9. Less emotionalE. Nonverbals1. Feminine communicators are more responsive than masculine communicatorsa. Smile more, maintain eye contact, direct body orientationb. Use nonverbal communication frequentlyF. Power and Control1. Masculine communicators use inflection and greater volume to express control2. Touch to exert control (to protect weak, for sexual advances)3. Take up more space while sitting or standing but feminine communicatorsshrink rather than expandG. Kinesics1. Feminine communication: tilt head, friendly and welcoming2. Masculine communication: rigid and autonomousH. Paralanguage1. Feminine – high pitch: vulnerable, immature, emotional2. Masculine – low pitch: rational, strong, mature, reliable, intelligent,