COMM 1113 1st Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture I. PerceptionsA. StereotypesB. Johari WindowOutline of Current Lecture I. Intercultural CommunicationII. Language is SymbolicIII. Levels of MeaningIV. Language Covered by RulesV. Sapir-Whorf HypothesisVI. Languages and CredibilityVII. Language Can Connect or Separate People from OthersCurrent LectureI. Intercultural CommunicationA. Avoid constructs1. Ask instead of assuming2. Don’t allow media to colonize relationshipsB. Develop communication strategies of inclusion1. Use globalized English2. Pay attention3. Use inclusive speechC. Learn to see the difference as an asset, a resource, an advantageII. Language is SymbolicA. Every word is a sign comprised by two elements1. Signifier: a word or image as a symbol2. Signified: the meaning of the word or symbol3. Connected by arbitrary relationship of assigned meanings to symbols and words1. Example: associations with the color pink and Arab men respectivelya. Sweet, passive, feminine, vulnerableb. Terroristic, threatening, dangerous4. Signs Lie1. Semiotics under French semiotician Roland BarthesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.2. Types of signsa. Icons: signifier and signified look alike (a tree)b. Index: if signifier is there, the signified is too (wedding dress and purity)c. Symbol: only connection between signifier and signified is consensus (table or donkey or fish do not look like their meaningsIII. Levels of MeaningA. Denotation: dictionary definition (literal)B. Connotation: contextual definition (difficult to understand in another cultural community)C. Examples1. Baby: a small child, a loved one2. Chicken: a bird, a cowardIV. Language Covered by RulesA. Phonological Rules: establish correct pronunciationB. Syntactic Rules: order of words in a phraseC. Semantic Rules: establish meaning of individual wordsD. Pragmatic Rules: establish rules when language is used, applied (sarcasm)V. Sapir-Whorf HypothesisA. Edward Sapir: anthropologistB. Benjamin Whorf: linguistC. “language shapes reality”D. Examples1. Friday Night Lights: “will you be my girlfriend?”2. Michael Sam: “I play football and I’m gay.”VI. Language and CredibilityA. ClichésB. Dialect (jargon)C. EquivocationD. Weasel words: use of language to mislead others into believing a person said something he did not actually say1. Example: Friday Night Lights: “apology”E. Allness Statements (generalizationsVII. Language Can Connect or Separate People from OthersA. Friday Night Lights Examples1. Mac McGill’s explanation of personal racial views through acknowledging background influence in own life to Eric Taylor2. Brick thrown through Taylor’s house