COMM 1113 1nd Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture I. Chapter One of Communication MattersA. Defining Communication and Its ProcessesB. Five Types of CommunicationC. Why People CommunicateD. Communication ModelsE. Types of NoiseOutline of Current Lecture I. Chapter Nine of Communication MattersA. Small Group CommunicationB. Importance of Small Group CommunicationCurrent LectureI. Chapter Nine of Communication MattersA. Small Group Communication (SGC)1. Involves between 3 and 15 to 20 people2. Characterized by interdependence, in which each member of the group affects, and is affected by, the other group members’ actions3. Maintain cohesion, or a commonality among group members through similar goals, identity, and mutual likings of one another4. Example: sports teams5. Share rules (formal) and norms (implicit)B. Importance of SGC1. Co-cultures are small groupsa. Working in discussion sections with small groups throughout the semester2. Humans acting together results in unique behaviorsa. Social loafing: the idea of an imbalance of workload among the individuals in a groupi. Conveyed through Ringelmann’s Effect, a rope pull experiment that proved this concept- When working in a group, individuals did worse than working aloneThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- When working in groups, humans ought to surpass individual goalsii. Ways to avoid social loafing- Value collective action- Maintain good leadership- Monitor individual performances with individual rewards- Use communication to maintain group well-beingb. Social Movement Examplesi. The French Revolutionii. Barn raisingiii. Sports teams3. The Wisdom of the Crowda. Expressed in Galton’s experiment in 1906i. Fair goers were asked to estimate the weight of an ox on displayii. No one guessed the correct answer; however, the average answer calculated from the mean of all of the guesses onlydiffered from the actual weight by one poundiii. This shows that while individuals may all be wrong, the crowd is accurateb. Examplesi. Wikipediaii. Citizens’ Journalismc. Why are Crowds Smart?i. Conditions: diversity, independence, decentralizationii. The best decisions are a product of disagreement and contestiii. Too much communication can lessen intelligence of groupiv. People in groups should have access to different sources and types of information4. Groupthink: constructed by Irving Janisa. A negative conceptb. Conditionsi. Strong and cohesive group, lacking diversityii. Group members feel smart and above reproach/erroriii. Dissent viewed as disloyalty and discouragediv. Entire group loses touch with realityv. Ultimately, group makes poor decisionsc. Examplesi. JFK after the Bay of Pigs Invasion in 1961 – an utter failureii. The Challenger Explosion of 1986iii. Pearl Harbor attack in 1941 – Roosevelt’s presidential cabinet refused to believe attack occurrediv. Watergate under Nixon and the way in which those involved felt untouchabled. Symptomsi. Invulnerabilityii. Rationaleiii. Moral superioritye. Ways to Avoid Groupthinki. Critical thinkingii. Dissenting
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