ARTS 150 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guides Lectures: 1-17Lecture 1Who were the founders of Humanism and what did this movement believe?- Dante and Petrarch were the founders. Humanists wanted to revert to the classical past and sought to reform the church by inspiring believers with the early teachings of Christianity. What is the main form of art during this time?- The altarpiece. Art was typically centered on the church and the life of Christ.What was the main influence of art during this time?- Byzantine art- the eastern part of the Greco-Roman empire with the capital of ConstantinopleLecture 2 What are the steps of creating a panel painting and who defined this technique?- Fit wood panels together, cover with gesso usually 9 layers, use pigments ground from minerals and plants, apply red clay gold leaf, perform underdrawings and paint- Cennini “The Book of Art”What famous pieces were created by Cimabue and what signature Byzantine techniques did he use?- Virgin and Child Enthroned- His work lacked a ground line, figures were frontal, there was an accent on verticality, figures were dematerialized, no sense of spatial recession, lots of gold leaf, the virgin was on a hierarchic scale, and the work was symmetric, elongated figuresWho else created famous replications of the Madonna and Child Enthroned?- Guido da Siena who surrounded his virgin and child with a mandorla (oval shape)- Giotto who allowed his virgin and child to have more defined volume with angels arrangedin a way to define spatial recessionGiotto was famous for his frescos- what was one of his most famous?- The Arena Chapel for Scrovegni- Contained 3 registers depicting the life of Christ and the virginWhat was the “Golden Legend?”- A book of narratives from Christian history by Jacobus de VovagineLecture 3What are some other famous works by Giotto within the Arena Chapel?- Noli Me Tangere- Do not touch me woman, yet- Lamentation- Raising of Lazurus- Last JudgmentWhat was significant about Nicola Pisano’s Pulpit?- One of the first Renaissance sculptures- One of the first sculptural reliefs which is a 2D image whose flat background surface is carved awayWhat was another famous work by Guido da Siena?- Nativity- which was a renowned piece in the areaWhat were some of Giotto’s artistic innovations?- Depiction of humanity/emotions, emergence of reality effects, introduced drama scenes, and constructed believable voluminous spaceLecture 4What was one of Duccio di Buoninsenga’s famous works?- Maesta which was a polyptrich (multiple panels) for the altar of the Siena Cathedral with the front of the panel depicting Christ and the Virgin surrounded by angels. The back has narratives of the Bible.How do Giotto’s Arena Chapel and Duccio’s Maesta compate?- Duccio emphasized the background and vibrant colors more while Giotto emphasized weapons and Roman soldiers in the depiction of the Betrayal of Jesus- Both did a portrayal of the Don’t Touch Me WomanWhile Giotto depicted the Last Judgement in the Arena Chapel, whom else portrayed this scene?- Pietro Cavellini- in Santa Celili Trastevere in RomeWhat modern art subjects were influenced by Renaissance art and Cavellini, specifically?- The Dia Art Foundation founded by Heinrich Friedrish- “Communal Kitchen” by Ilya Kabakov- Rothko Chapel by MenileLecture 5What family had a major influence on the Renaissance in Florence?- The Medici family who were patrons of the arts and bankers- They established the platonic academy of philosophy and made Florence the capital of flourishing artWhat was the Duomo?- The Florence cathedral engineered by Brunelleschi with the Bell tower also called the Campanile by GiottoThere was a competition to design the gates of the Baptistry for the Duomo, who won?- Ghiberti won with his “Gates of Paradise” displaying 10 scenes of the old testament which incorporated relief sculpture and gilding- While Ghiberti did the East doors, Pisano designed South doorsWho wrote a book on 1 point linear perspective/pictorial perspective?- Leon Alberti Della PitturaLecture 6What was the Orsanmichelle? And what were some of the famous sculptures within the 14 niches or loggia?- It was Florentine church that the Florentines took great pride in after Milan threatened toinvade- Ghiberti composed the “St.John the Baptist” from bronze and was commissioned bt the merchant guild- Donatello made “St.Mark” from marble funded by the linenweavers guild- Donatello made “St..George” from marble supported by the Armorer’s Guild- Nanni di Banco “Four Crowned Martyrs” in marbleHow are marble and bronze statues different?- Bronze must be cast and marble statues are slowly sculpted by chiselWhat is the Paragone debate?- The discussion of whether painting or sculpture represents art better and allows a story tobe told betterLecture 7What were characteristics of the Medici Palace?- The building was designed by Bartolomeo and featured horizontal bands, rough surfaces, a severe and rustification appearance- It was the first domestic bldg. built around a courtyard and the courtyard featured an art gallery- It also featured cornice or heavily decorated ledges derived from Greco-romanarchitecture and sgraffito (decoration by layers of tinted plaster)Why was Donatello’s David so famous? - It reinvented nudes with Christian heros - David was also a favored character because of his symbolism of liberty and freedom whichFlorence felt strongly for since Milan’s attempted takeover- He refound the Bronze casting technique- He displayed contrapposto or counterbalanceLecture 8Describe Brunelleschi’s “The Founding Hospital- Hospital of the innocent”- It was a public orphanage commissioned by the silk weavers and was composed of many round arches and columns combining the Classical style with Christian art- he emphasized symmetry and circular proportions in his work- Andrea della Robbia decorated blue terra cotta Medallions of Infants for the archesWhat was the significance of Donatello’s “Equestrain Statue of Erasmo di Narni”- It was nicknamed the Gattamelata in the Piazza del Santo Padua and encapsuled the idea of modern mercenary captain fighting for Italian city states- The first monument of its kind since antiquity- Also portrayed a real person as oppose to a saintWhat did Masaccio create?- He was one of the earliest accomplished renaissance artists and he used a severe style that lacked the lavishness and chaos/unorganized feeling