ARTS 150 1st Edition Exam 1 Study Guides Lectures 1 17 Lecture 1 Who were the founders of Humanism and what did this movement believe Dante and Petrarch were the founders Humanists wanted to revert to the classical past and sought to reform the church by inspiring believers with the early teachings of Christianity What is the main form of art during this time The altarpiece Art was typically centered on the church and the life of Christ What was the main influence of art during this time Byzantine art the eastern part of the Greco Roman empire with the capital of Constantinople Lecture 2 What are the steps of creating a panel painting and who defined this technique Fit wood panels together cover with gesso usually 9 layers use pigments ground from minerals and plants apply red clay gold leaf perform underdrawings and paint Cennini The Book of Art What famous pieces were created by Cimabue and what signature Byzantine techniques did he use Virgin and Child Enthroned His work lacked a ground line figures were frontal there was an accent on verticality figures were dematerialized no sense of spatial recession lots of gold leaf the virgin was on a hierarchic scale and the work was symmetric elongated figures Who else created famous replications of the Madonna and Child Enthroned Guido da Siena who surrounded his virgin and child with a mandorla oval shape Giotto who allowed his virgin and child to have more defined volume with angels arranged in a way to define spatial recession Giotto was famous for his frescos what was one of his most famous The Arena Chapel for Scrovegni Contained 3 registers depicting the life of Christ and the virgin What was the Golden Legend A book of narratives from Christian history by Jacobus de Vovagine Lecture 3 What are some other famous works by Giotto within the Arena Chapel Noli Me Tangere Do not touch me woman yet Lamentation Raising of Lazurus Last Judgment What was significant about Nicola Pisano s Pulpit One of the first Renaissance sculptures One of the first sculptural reliefs which is a 2D image whose flat background surface is carved away What was another famous work by Guido da Siena Nativity which was a renowned piece in the area What were some of Giotto s artistic innovations Depiction of humanity emotions emergence of reality effects introduced drama scenes and constructed believable voluminous space Lecture 4 What was one of Duccio di Buoninsenga s famous works Maesta which was a polyptrich multiple panels for the altar of the Siena Cathedral with the front of the panel depicting Christ and the Virgin surrounded by angels The back has narratives of the Bible How do Giotto s Arena Chapel and Duccio s Maesta compate Duccio emphasized the background and vibrant colors more while Giotto emphasized weapons and Roman soldiers in the depiction of the Betrayal of Jesus Both did a portrayal of the Don t Touch Me Woman While Giotto depicted the Last Judgement in the Arena Chapel whom else portrayed this scene Pietro Cavellini in Santa Celili Trastevere in Rome What modern art subjects were influenced by Renaissance art and Cavellini specifically The Dia Art Foundation founded by Heinrich Friedrish Communal Kitchen by Ilya Kabakov Rothko Chapel by Menile Lecture 5 What family had a major influence on the Renaissance in Florence The Medici family who were patrons of the arts and bankers They established the platonic academy of philosophy and made Florence the capital of flourishing art What was the Duomo The Florence cathedral engineered by Brunelleschi with the Bell tower also called the Campanile by Giotto There was a competition to design the gates of the Baptistry for the Duomo who won Ghiberti won with his Gates of Paradise displaying 10 scenes of the old testament which incorporated relief sculpture and gilding While Ghiberti did the East doors Pisano designed South doors Who wrote a book on 1 point linear perspective pictorial perspective Leon Alberti Della Pittura Lecture 6 What was the Orsanmichelle And what were some of the famous sculptures within the 14 niches or loggia It was Florentine church that the Florentines took great pride in after Milan threatened to invade Ghiberti composed the St John the Baptist from bronze and was commissioned bt the merchant guild Donatello made St Mark from marble funded by the linenweavers guild Donatello made St George from marble supported by the Armorer s Guild Nanni di Banco Four Crowned Martyrs in marble How are marble and bronze statues different Bronze must be cast and marble statues are slowly sculpted by chisel What is the Paragone debate The discussion of whether painting or sculpture represents art better and allows a story to be told better Lecture 7 What were characteristics of the Medici Palace The building was designed by Bartolomeo and featured horizontal bands rough surfaces a severe and rustification appearance It was the first domestic bldg built around a courtyard and the courtyard featured an art gallery It also featured cornice or heavily decorated ledges derived from Greco roman architecture and sgraffito decoration by layers of tinted plaster Why was Donatello s David so famous It reinvented nudes with Christian heros David was also a favored character because of his symbolism of liberty and freedom which Florence felt strongly for since Milan s attempted takeover He refound the Bronze casting technique He displayed contrapposto or counterbalance Lecture 8 Describe Brunelleschi s The Founding Hospital Hospital of the innocent It was a public orphanage commissioned by the silk weavers and was composed of many round arches and columns combining the Classical style with Christian art he emphasized symmetry and circular proportions in his work Andrea della Robbia decorated blue terra cotta Medallions of Infants for the arches What was the significance of Donatello s Equestrain Statue of Erasmo di Narni It was nicknamed the Gattamelata in the Piazza del Santo Padua and encapsuled the idea of modern mercenary captain fighting for Italian city states The first monument of its kind since antiquity Also portrayed a real person as oppose to a saint What did Masaccio create He was one of the earliest accomplished renaissance artists and he used a severe style that lacked the lavishness and chaos unorganized feeling of Fabriano s Adoration of the Magi He is most famous for the Bancacci Church where he composed the narrative frescos The Tribute Money and The expulsion of Adam and Eve Lecture