SOC 10000 1st Edition Lecture 15 Outline of Last Lecture I. Plastic surgeryII. GenderIII. TheoriesIV. Unequal pay Outline of Current Lecture II. Myth of raceIII. SlaveryIV. Racial GroupsV. Prejudice & DiscriminationCurrent LectureRaceThe Myth of Race- Defined as a group of people who share a set of characteristics and are said to share a common bloodline- Racism= is the belief that members of separate races possess different and unequal human traits- Race is a social construct that changes over time and across different contexts.The social construction of race- Many scholars we belong to one human race originated in Africa- Migration, geographical separation, and inbreeding le to the formation of distinct races- Biological meaning is lost- Use the term “race” because perceptions of race affect the lives of most people profoundlyConcept of race- Many historical efforts to explain race were biased due to ethnocentrism (superiority)- Aside from skin color, also used to use skull bumps, size, as a base of raceThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Social Darwinism= some groups or races evolved more than other, and were better fit to survive and even rule other races- Eugenics= science of genetic lines an inheritable traits. Traits can be passed through bloodlines and can be bred into populations or out of them. (Idea behind the Holocaust)o Also applied this to people of mental abilities- One-drop rule, which evolved from U.S laws forbidding interracial marriage, was the belief that “one drop” of black blood makes a person blacko Kept white population “pure”, and lumped anyone with black blood into one category- Miscegenation is technical term for multiracial marriage- Today, DNA testing is used to determine people’s racial makeup, and while this process may be more accurate on some level than nineteenth-century racial measures, it still supports the notion of fixed, biological racial differencesSlavery- Ownership and control of people- By about 1800, 24 million Africans had been transported on slave ships to North Central,and South Americao 11 million survived the passage- Fewer than 10% of the survivors arrived in the U.S- Birthrate of African slaves in U.S was so high, nearly 30% of the black pop in the New World was living in the U.S by 1825- By the civil war, 4.4 million black slaves lived in the U.So The cotton and tobacco economy of depended on their laborNative Americans- Expulsion and genocide best describe treatment of Native Americans by European settlers in the 19th centuryo Expulsion= forcible removal of population from a territoryo Genocide= is the intentional extermination of an entire population defined as a race or a peopleChinese Americans- 1882 Congress passed an act prohibiting the immigration of people into the U.S for 10 years: lunatics, idiots, and Chinese- Extended for another decade, and made permanent in 1907, and repealed in 1943, when Congress established a quota of a grand total of 105 Chinese immigrants per year- In general, they have had upward mobility in the past half century- More than 30% of Chinese Americans now marry whitesRacial realities- Racialization is the formation of anew racial identity in which new ideological boundariesof differences are drawn around a formerly unnoticed group of peopleo Kind of like after 9/11 and Japanese internment campsRace vs. Ethnicity- Race is imposed, based on hierarchical, exclusive, unequal- Ethnicity= is voluntary, self-defined, and not so closely linked with power differences- An ethnic identity becomes racialized when it is subsumed under a forced label, racial marker, or “otherness”- Symbolic ethnicity= is ethnicity that is individualistic in nature and without real social cost for the individualo People during St. Patrick’s DayMinority- Majority group relations- Pluralism= in the context of race and ethnicity, refers to the presence and engaged coexistence of numerous distinct groups in one society, with no one group being in the majorityo Instead of defining U.S as a “melting pot” we should be called a “salad bowl”- Segregation is the legal or social practice of separating people on the basis of their race or ethnicityo Was official policy until 1960s in U.So Despite being illegal, there is till ample evidence of segregation today Economic segregation; white flightGroups’ responses to domination- Four ways to respond to oppression: withdrawal, passing, acceptance, and resistancePrejudice, discrimination, and the new racism- Prejudice= refers to negative thoughts and feelings about an ethnic or racial groupo No way to monitor it- Discrimination= refers to the harmful or negative acts against people deemed inferior onthe basis of their racial category- Overt racism= considered unacceptable, there is a new kind of racism that focuses on cultural and national differences, rather than racial onesThe future of race- The year 2000 census created separate categories for race and ethnicity and for the first time allowed people to check off more than one box for racial identity. These changes have given us a better idea of the diversity of the American populationHate crimes- In 2003, the FBI recorded 7489 hate crimes, each incident may involve multiple offenseso 8715 total offenses were recorded, - The most frequent victims of hate crimes are African Americans, who were the object of nearly 35% of all offenses- Most racially segregated major metropolitan areas= Detroit, Chicago, Cleveland, Milwaukee, new