SOC 100 1st Edition Lecture 20Outline of Last Lecture II. School and WeightIII. More Obesity FactsIV. Ads and MarketingV. Sugar in DrinksOutline of Current Lecture I. FamilyII. Function of familyIII. DiversityIV. HistoryV. Future of FamiliesVI. LoveCurrent LectureFamily Forms and Changes- Our choice of a romantic or life partner doesn’t depend solely on our attraction to someone, how well we get along with him or her, or our shared life goals- Nuclear family or traditional family is a family consisting of a father and mother and theirbiological children- Extended family= refers to familial networks that extends beyond traditional family, also does not have to be related by blood- There is no typical family in Western society todayo Multiple generations can live togethero Families can consist of stepsiblings and half-siblings; there are many single-parentfamilieso Individuals and couples can choose not to get married or not to have childrenFunction of marriage and nuclear family- 1. Sexual regulation= shouldn’t cheat- 2. Economic cooperation=DINK (double income, no kids), more income= nicer things- 3. ReproductionThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- 4. Socialization= one of primary agents of socialization- 5. Emotional SupportDiversity in families- Exogamy refers to marriage to someone from a different social group- Endogamy= refers to marriage to someone within one’s social group (race, ethnicity, class, religion or nationality)o We like to marry people who are similar to us- Loving vs. Virginia is the 1967 Supreme Court case that ended antimiscegenation laws (law that said that interracial couples could not marry)- Monogamy= is the practice of marrying or being in a relationship with one person at a time- Polygamy= is a system of marriage that allows people to have more than one spouse at timeo The more common form is polygyny, a system of marriage that allows men to have multiple wiveso Polyandry, a system of marriage that allows women to have multiple husbands, isa more rare form of polygamy- About 8% of all households are occupied by couples who are cohabitating, living together as a romantically involved, unmarried coupleRaising children in LGBT Families- A 14 year study assessed 25 young adults who were offspring of lesbian families and 21 young adults who were offspring of heterosexual families- The researchers found that the two groups were equally well adjusted and displayed little difference in sexual orientationFamilies through history- Early modern families depend heavily on kinship networks, which are systems of relationships b/t people related by blood and marriage. These networks weakened as families became more mobile- The industrial revolution created a division from work and homeo Men were associated with public world of wage-earning worko Women were relegated to the private world of managing a household and raisingchildren, work for which they were not paid- The traditional nuclear family is not a timeless and universal concept. It developed in response to conditions in a specific time and place: the post- WWII economic boom in the U.SFamily and work- a not so subtle revolution- Several factors have brought about significant changes since 1970so Increasing divorce rateso Decreasing marriage and fertility ratesA feminist rethinking of family- Feminist theories suggest gender roles that are learned in the family. The chore war- Women today have two jobs: paid labor and unpaid home labor- Second shift, refers to unpaid labor inside the home that is often expected of women after they get home from working at paid labor outside the homeSwimming and sinking: Inequality and American families- African American women have often taken a leading role in providing for their families- African American communities tend to have expanded notions of kinship, including evennon-blood relatives- Latinos come from many different countries and cultural backgrounds have some characteristicso Strong family and communitieso Adherence to traditional gender roleso Devout Catholicismo High marriage rateso Low divorce rates- Single, nonworking mothers face many challenges, among them the attitude of critics of welfare, who think that they prefer being on welfare to working- Most women would prefer not to be welfare, but the system is such that often they end up with less income and fewer benefits when they move from welfare to workThe pecking order: inequality starts at home- The size of a family and its resources can affect how parents relate to each of their children and can create inequalities among siblings- Birth order and natural abilities also play a roleThe future of families, and there goes the nation- Divorce is a constant in our society, and debates will continue about its effects on children- The only certainty may be that high levels of parental conflict- whether b/t married or divorced parents- are not good for children- About 40% of marriages end in divorce- Families today come in all forms, so perhaps the optimal description of the ideal family isthat it best serves the needs of all its membersMate selection: social influences:- Marriage resources= financial assets, status, values, tastes, and knowledge- Third parties= families, neighborhoods, communities, and religious institutions- Demographic factors= size and sex ratio of groups you belong to and the social composition of the local marriage marketsComponents of love- According to psychologist Robert Sternburg, love can be built from passion, intimacy, commitment:- In long-term relationships:o Passion peaks quickly and tapers offo Intimacy rises gradually but remains at a higher plateauo Commitment develops most gradually but plateaus at a high