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Purdue SOC 10000 - Final Exam Study Guide
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SOC 100000 1st EditionFinal Exam Study GuideLecture 22 -Two distinct features of capitalism: private ownership and competition-Many people working longer hours, especially people at higher income levels, in order to prove loyalty or achieve benefits-Capitalism begin as early as the fifteenth century, with the enclosure movement-Ford motor company= had an idea of the family wage. They favored married men with children.-Division of labor refers to the specialization of work tasks- Secondary labor market contains large number of women and members of racial minorities--Juristic person raises issues about corporate ethics, environmental responsibility, fair wages, offshoring of laborVocabPrivate ownership= Individuals own means of producing goods, free to buy and sell propertyCompetition in the pursuit of profit= producers competes to offer consumers goods and services at the lowest price.Economy= is the institution that organizes, distribution, in exchange of goods and servicesPrimary sector= farming, fishing, logging, and miningSecondary sector= raw materials are turned into finished good: manufacturing takes placeTertiary sector= services are bought and soldCreative class= a category of workers in many different occupations and industries united by the fact that creativity is central to their productive workAdam Smith= economist who believed that competition helps maintain cohesive society. Specialization increases productivity and innovation and using money makes trading more efficientGeorge Simmel= believed that changing from piecework payment to wage labor to a salary would depersonalize exchange. This was a way to separate public and private spheres and give workers more freedom to enjoy the private or leisure sphereMarx Weber= Linked the rise of capitalism to technology, ideas and beliefs, as well as the Protestant Reformation. He thought people became obsessed with working and making money that they could never enjoy.Karl Marx = Stated that capitalism creates alienation in workers- including alienation from products and workers. Predicted both that capitalism would ultimately destroy itself and the working class would rise up, leading to a period first of socialism and then of communismGlobalization= refers to the processes that create and intensify worldwide social exchanges and interdependence. Creates an increase in trade and economic exchanges.Deskilling= refers to the process by which tasks are broken down into simple routines that require little training to perform.Juristic person= an entity that has all legal rights, duties, and responsibilities of a person, although their primary goal is generally pursuit of profit.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Lecture #23-Tobacco war, spring of 1998, Congress was ready to pass a bill that would cost tobacco companies $516 billion in damages. But the tobacco industry was able to lobby and advertise against it.-Milligram experiment tested people to see how far they would go in obeying an authority figure-Coercion is the use of force to get others to do what you want-A “state” according to Weber, is a human community that claims the legitimate use of physical force in agiven territory-Sociologist T.H. Marshall identified three types of citizenship rights= civil rights, political rights, social rights-Special interest groups and business associations form lobbies-When dissatisfaction with normal politics is widespread, protest sometimes takes the form of social movements- Hobbes believed that the state of nature is chaos and that people submit to the authority (the state) as a means of survival-John Locke argued that people live in peace and equality in the state of nature, but submit to authority for financial reasons- Recorded history shows that war has killed roughly 1 billion soldiers and 2 billion civiliansVocabPower= is the ability to control others, even against their willAuthority= legitimate, institutionalized powerLegitimate governments= are those that enjoy a perceived right to roleCharismatic authority= is based on the personal appeal of an individual leaderTraditional power= is based on appeals to the past or a long established way of doing thingsLegal rational authority= is based on legal, impersonal rules that have been routinizedBureaucracy= is a legal rational organization or mode of administration that governs with reference to rules and roles and emphasize meritocracyCivil rights= guarantee personal freedom without state interferencePolitical rights- is rights to participate in politics, hold office, or voteSocial rights= guarantee protection by the stateIn an autocracy= absolute power resides in the hands of a single person or partyAuthoritarian states= sharply restricts citizen control of the stateDemocracy= citizens exercise a high degree of control over the state by choosing representatives in regular, competitive electionsPolitical parties= compete for control of government in regular electionsPublic opinion=refers to the values and attitudes of the adult populationHard power= is the use of military or economic force to influence behaviorSoft power= is the use of cultural or ideological means to influence behaviorTerrorism= is defined by American law as premeditated, politically motivated violence against noncombatant targets, usually intended to influence an audienceLecture #24-Religion falls under three categories; theism, ethicalism, and animism- Karl Marx argued religion was used to keep workers from questioning their oppressed position in everyday life by promising them riches in the afterlife-Emile Durkheim argued that religion promoted solidarity by strengthening the collective conscience. Felt that sacred symbols become powerful because people collectively invest them with power through their shared beliefs-Max Weber said Protestantism was necessary for capitalism b/c it states that a person fulfilled the duty to God though hard work-Negative effect of pluralism is that having too many choices weakens the credibility of any one - Attendance at religious services is declining overall in the U.S, but the number of people who profess to have religious or spiritual beliefs is holding steady or rising.-Micro sociologists look at religion at a micro level- In an effort to appeal to a wider audience, especially young people, many churches have incorporated elements of pop culture


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