SOC 10000 1st Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture II. CultureA. Nonmaterial/MaterialB. RelativismC. ScriptsIII. Values and NormsIV. Sanctions and Social ControlsV. MediaOutline of Current Lecture VI. SocializationD. LimitsVII. Theories of SocializationVIII.Status and RolesCurrent LectureWhat is Socialization?- Is the process by which individuals internalize the values, beliefs, and norms of a given society and learn to function as a member of that society.- Begins the day you are born to the day you dieLimits of socialization- However, socialization cannot explain everything about a person’s development and personalityo Biology is also a very important componento It is a combination of biology and social interactions that makes us who we areFreud’s theory- Proposed the first social scientific interpretation of the emergence of the self:o Id- part that wants immediate gratificationo Superego- personal conscienceThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Ego- balances the conflicting needs of the id and the superegoCriticism of Freud’s theory- Connections b/t early childhood development and adult personality are more complex than Freud assumed- Freud shows gender bias in his analysis of male and female sexuality- Freud neglects socialization after childhoodTheories of Socialization- Cooley- “Looking – Glass Self”o When we interact with others, they gesture and react to uso We can imagine how we appear to themo We judge how others evaluate uso From these judgments we develop a self-concept- Self-fulfilling prophecyo An expectation that helps bring about what it predicts If you think “I’m going to fail this test,” chances are you will somehow place yourself in the very position to indeed fail the test- George Herbert Meado Developed a theory about how the social self develops over the course of childhoodo Infants know only the “I” but through social interaction they learn about “me” and the “other”o They develop a concept of the “generalized order” Stressed the importance of the imitation, play, and games, in helping children recognize one another and figure out your needs and their needs.- Eric Ericksono He established a theory of life stages  From infant to elderly age Lifespan model of development taking up 5 stages up to the age of 18 and3 stages after that, into adulthood- There is still plenty of room for continued growth and developmentAgents of socialization- Family, school, peers, and the media are all important socializing agents- A total institution is an institution in which one is totally immersed and it controls all of the basics of day-to-day lifeRe-socialization- Change in values or beliefs to go back into societyStatuses and roles- A status is a position in society that comes with a set of expectationso An ascribed status= is one we are born with and unlikely to change Ex: gendero An achieved status= is one we have earned  Ex: college graduateo Master status= is a status that seems to override all others and affects all other statuses that one possesses  Can be race, if it decides your education, how well you do in the workforce…o Roles= are the behaviors expected from a particular statusStatuses and roles- Role conflict= occurs when the roles associated with one status clash with the roles associated with a different statuso Ex: CEO and mother, might cause clash- Role strain= occurs when roles associated with a single status clasho Ex: new mothers and new wife status can clash- Either of these may lead to role exitGender roles- Set of behavioral norms associated with either male or females in a given society- Gender theorists argue that gender roles can be more powerful and influential than other roles that people