PSY 2013 1st Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Current Lecture I. Learning BasicsII.The Big Three – Types of learningA. Classical ConditioningCurrent LectureI. Learning Basics- Learning – relatively permanent change in behavior due to experiences (very conceptual chapter)- Learning is the primary area of study of behaviorists.- Associative learning – learning that two things added together go togetherExample: We know that when we see a lightning strike that there will be thunder to follow. We associate the thunder and lightning together because they have always been paired together.- Behaviorism – unbiased and reflex-like; objective; no mental processesII. The Big ThreeA. Classical Conditioning – responding to environment- Aka Pavlonian/Responding Conditioning- Think of the video with the dogs salivating (this was an example for classical conditioning)- HOW it works – takes two unrelated things and associates themo Four things to know: Unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, and conditioned response (US, UR, CS, and CR)Examples: 1) When a puff of air is puffed into your eye, you blink. This is an example of US -> UR. (purely a natural reflex)2) Say there is a baby. The parents of the baby (for some reason) want the baby to blink when someone says “Hello” to it. They would pick up the child, say hello, then blow a puff of air into its eyes. Eventually, the baby learns that when someone says “hello” (CS) it needs to close its eyes (US). This is an example of pairing two US’s to make a CS.- Terminologyo Acquisition – pairing US w/ US so it turns into CS (baby example)o Extinction – learning that the CS ≠ US anymoreThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Spontaneous recovery – extinction has taken place, but the behavior returns without an effort to do so (ex 10 years later, someone says hello to the kid and he blinks)o Discrimination – ex the baby only blinks when Grandpa says hello because Grandpa has been the only one working with himo Generalization – ex after Mom and Dad have worked with the baby, the baby now assumes everyone is going to puff air in his eyes so he now blinks when anyone says hello- Limitationso Classical Conditioning works really well with animals, not so much with humanso Humans have cognitive processes, or can think in other words, thus allowing us to block stimulio Biological predispositions – cannot be conditionedo Certain behaviors match certain stimuli better  If we see a light, hear a sound, and then receive a shock, we will more strongly associate the light with the shock than the sound because our brains better associate them together.o Taste aversion – example: If you eat pizza while you have the flu and proceed to vomit all the pizza back up, you may not want to have pizza again for a while or ever again. You developed a taste aversion to