PSY 2103 1st Edition Lecture 13 Outline of Current Lecture I. What is Personality? II. PsychoanalysisA. Iceberg modelIII. Psychosexual Stages of DevelopmentA. CriticismsIV. Carl JungV. Humanistic PerspectiveCurrent LectureI. What is Personality?- Personality – internal self, how you interpret events, how these affect your behaviorsII. Psychoanalysis (Sigmund Freud’s model)- 3 partso Conscious mind – egoo Preconscious mind – accessible if neededo Unconscious mind – no access, but it still affects you Id – basic need to survive, animalistic desires that must be filled Superego – “no you can’t do that”  There is conflict between the two, and your ego is a mediatorExample: You are hungry. Your friend comes up with a hot dog. Your id says, “GRAB ITAND RUN,” but yoursuperego says, “No, that isnot your hot dog.” Yourego is what determinesyour actions in the end.A. Iceberg model - Above water – we are aware of itIII. Psychosexual Stages of Development (SigmundFreud’s beliefs)- Different challenges are to be overcomeat each levelThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o If they are not, the challenges can prolong into adulthood. - Oral (0-18 months): pleasure centers on the mouth – sucking, biting, chewingo Goal: gain self-sufficiency (for feeding themselves)o Parents that wein too harshly/easily produce children that have oral fixations.Example: Oral fixations include nail biting, and in extreme cases over-eating, drug and alcohol abuse, and smoking.- Anal (18-36 months): pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination; coping with demands for controlo Goal: control over restroomo Parents that wein too harshly produce children that are anal retentive.Example: Anal retentive people are perfectionistic and OCD in extreme cases.o Parents that wein too easily produce children that are anal expulsive.Example: These people are super outgoing, annoying, center of attention,and moody.- Phallic (3-6 years): pleasure is in the genitals (masturbation); coping with incestuous sexual feelingso Goal: learn to control sexual feelings; develop gender roleso Oedipus complex: Freud’s belief was that a young boy’s first desire would be his mother. However, if the boy goes after Mommy, then Daddy becomes a problem. The boy is afraid Daddy will take away what he loves most, which in this phase is his penis. This creates castration anxiety. Logically, if he wants a woman like Mommy, he should act like Daddy to get her, so the boy begins imitating his father’s masculine behaviors. The ultimate consequence is that the boy takes on the male gender role.o Electra complex: Freud’s belief was that a young girl’s first desire would briefly be her father, but discovers she does not have a penis and blames her mother for making her this way. This leads to penis envy. The girl thensubstitutes her wish for a penis with the wish for a baby. She is still angry at her mother, but represses her feelings to remove the tension. She then identifies with the mother and takes on the female gender role.- Latency (6 to puberty): dormant sexual feelings.o Freud believed all sexual energy was focused into other things, such as school and hobbies.- Genital (puberty on): maturation of sexual interest; pleasure again is in the genitals (intercourse)o The proper outlet of these sexual instincts, for Freud, was heterosexual intercourse. Fixations can prevent this with the consequence that sexual perversions develop.Example: Fixation at the oral phase can result in a person who gains pleasure primarily from kissing and oral sex rather than intercourse.A. Criticisms – lack of testability- Circular theory – he is always right - Biased against females (for example, penis envy)- Lack of support – he is his biggest case study, and he had mommy issuesIV. Carl Jung- Collective unconscious o Dreams that haven’t happened Things from our genetic history Architypes – color meaningso TAT – looking for unconscious fault Telling stories about a pictureExample: In class, we were shown a picture of a woman looking down and holding herself in the doorway of a house. When he asked someone to give the picture a story, the person said, “She is crying because her husband left her.” Carl Jung believed this wouldshow that the person has had someone abandon or betray them.V. Humanistic Perspective- Self-actualization and Maslow’s hierarchy of