HES 2823 1st Edition Lecture 13 Outline of Last Lecture I Protein Quality continued II Protein Recommendations III Creatine IV Protein Calorie Malnutrition Outline of Current Lecture I Energy Balance A Calories B EnergyIN EnergyOUT Current Lecture I Energy Balance A calorie unit of measure of heat energy 1 Calorie the nutritionist s Calorie differs from the chemist s calorie 2 1 Calorie 1000 calories 3 1 Kilocalorie Kcal 1000 calories B EnergyIN EnergyOUT 1 Weight maintained 2 Positive EBALANCE EIN EOUT a Weight gain 3 Negative EBALANCE EOUT EIN a Weight loss 4 EIN found in food intake a Carbohydrates 4 Kcal gram b Protein 4 Kcal gram c Fat 9 Kcal gram d Alcohol 7 Kcal gram 5 EOUT excreted through various means from the body a Calories are not excreted through urine as a by product of carbohydrates protein and fat b Energy expenditure occurs meaning the calories are used up i Through heat radiating from the body ii Through a change in energy level in the surrounding environment These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute c First Law of Thermodynamics energy is neither created nor destroyed only moved around d Means of calorie expenditure i Basal Metabolic Rate BMR calories expended due to sustaining life which is all expressed as heat Through liver and brain function non moving and heart and lung function moving Effectors of BMR o Body Size greater size causes higher BMR However children are more metabolically active on a per pound basis o Body Composition fat tissue storage of calories and lean tissue Lean tissue is more metabolically active meaning those with more lean tissue have a higher BMR o Gender males have higher BMRs than women generally due to greater muscle masses o Age BMR increases with age o Eating patterns Under eating Ansel Keys historical nutritionist who invented K rations for the military He studied the effects of starvation in order to treat concentration camps after WWII He recruited conscientious objectors and starved them only to discover that the BMR of subjects decreased on a per pound basis to prevent further weight loss Overeating Vermont Prison Study Originally ordered subjects to consume 10 000 calories per day but when they could not the amount was lowered to 5 000 calories The study determined that the BMR of the subjects increased Set Point Theory Defense of weight against change by the body o Thyroid status Thyroid hormone acts as the major regulator of BMR An artificial increase of thyroid hormone will cause thyroid to stop working and atrophy due to disuse ii Thermic effect of food energy expended after eating iii Physical Activity bodily exertion Exercise intentional Non exercise unintentional
View Full Document
Unlocking...