JOURNGuide 201 1st Edition Exam 1 Study The definition of Mass Media Communication channel that is mediated between two things Medium Mass a large group of people Principals of Journalism Objectivity Holding power accountable Fairness Balance Accuracy Independency Verification Relevance Hybrid model of citizenship We have democratic rights Elections for representatives Free Press Freedom of Assembly Other liberties Restrictions Age gender race land ownership senators Why Attack Journalism Hostile Media Affect Political Strategy ref Recognition of media power New competition Press response to Attacks The press now have a great desire to appear neutral to people Kovach and Rosenstiel He said she said reporting Two Senses of Objectivity Fatalism comprised of our own interests and prejudices Recover a useful sense of objectivity objectivity of method and journalists applying the scientific methods Kovach and Rosenstiel an objectivity of method Different Types of Journalism Op Ed s opinions Straight News News analysis Letters to the editor Blogs Editorials Features Key roles in Journalism Reporters Publisher Editors Business Staff Ombudsman Opinion Writer Editorial Board How newspapers and press were supported by the government Postal Subsidies Postal Service Act Constitutional protection Roles of the Press in American Independence Key Publications Thomas Paine Common Sense The press connected the colonies Developed a sense of solidarity and nationhood and value of press independent from government John Milton Areopagitica arguments for freedom of speech People can research More communication enables them to reason better Parliament should stay out No Prior Restraint What does that press do Informs citizens Sort truth from false Enable aggregation and filtering of interests Inform representatives Differences between Subjects and Citizens Citizens need to be informed Subjects no input What was important about the progressive era In response to patronage and the gilded age Through scientific method and investigation people believe you could be trained to be objective Journalism schools developed Describe printing as a business in the 1700 s They did everything reporters and printers Printers worked for the government Pamphlets private journals letters and mercantile info Review Topics 02 23 2015 Definition of Mass Media First Communication that is mediated and reaches a mass audience Medium a channel or passage connecting two things Mass mass audience The problem of Democracy Most were not experts back then Unlike the founders they work and don t have time to read and don t devote time to it Differences between subjects and citizens Subjects little input loyal no need for opinion know who s in charge don t need info Citizen some input independent thinking need for info need for opinion Citizens Tasks Competency in what is happening in the community Act when necessary Be informed The Hybrid Model of Citizenship in American democracy Democratic Characteristics Elections free press assembly religion speech Restrictions Gender age race property ownership electoral college senators Solutions Education and he press Four Fundamental Functions an information system must provide in a democracy Inform citizens policies power and ideology Sort truth from falsehood misleading information freedom of press allows them to do this Aggregation and filtering of interests diverse interests public sphere is made possible by the press Inform Representation informing the representative democracy through constituent contacts polls and the press Why the printing press was revolutionary for the distribution of information and how it was used by Martin Luther Makes many copies at once Martin Luther spread his 95 theses throughout Germany Bible was translated into German People didn t have to listen to the preacher anymore to get the information Aeropagitica and its key arguments 1 Individuals have reason capacity to be rational 2 The more material people have the better they will be at reasoning 3 Parliament should not be able to regulate what people are printing 4 Prior restraint should not be allowed Lead to the British Bill of Rights which allowed Freedom of the Press and limited government control Printing as a business in the 1700s No Reporters printers did it all Many were government printers Private journals printers and coffeehouse culture in the 1700s Private Journals like a blog for the elite Coffeehouse Culture Social Institution discuss opinions Conversation and media come together and some information might be printed The role of the press in American independence Brought the colonies together Common Sense by Thomas Paine Developed a sense of nationhood sense of a press independent of government How Newspapers and the press were supported by the government after independence Freedom of Press in the constitution Postal Subsidies Education and Literacy The partisan press relationship between newspapers and parties the role of both in political participation Parties and press evolved together which spread info that allowed people to form ideas and could convince them of ideas Newspapers as party tools The Progressive era in the United States its concerns emphases and consequences for journalism Widespread social and political reforms in response to the gilded age and corruption Scientific Rationality can reach objective truth Establishment of journalism schools Roles of Key Individuals in News Organizations The Publisher controls the paper CEO Business Staff works with advertisers Editor story editing selection and editorial writing Reporters interviewing sources shoe leather reporting Ombudsman mediates between the institution and public represents the public Editorial Board write the editorials Opinion writer columnist writes essays expressing their opinion for debate Wall of separation between editorial and advertising functions News Story selection Coverage Paper composition Business Advertisements Subscriptions Classifieds So business doesn t taint the news Major Forms of News Straight News News Analysis Editorials Op eds and opinion columns Letter to the editor Feature sections The Blogs Bylines and datelines Bylines where authors name goes Datelines where reporter is story is filed Shoe Leather reporting reporters go to the location to get the story Two Senses of Objectivity Fatalism we are fatally compromised by our own interests and prejudices Objectivity of method The principle of balance
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