PSYCH 202 1st Edition Lecture 12Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)I. Published by the American PSYCHIATRIC AssociationII. DSM-5 - published 2013III. (DSM-4 - published in 1994)IV. First DSM - 1952Difficulties with the DSM:I. One size doesn’t fit all.II. Helps with diagnosis, but doesn’t help explain cause or point to cure. a. “Naming is not explaining”III. Symptoms in the person are usually not as clear as they are described in the manualIV. DSM takes categorical approach: have disorder, or don’t V. Often overlap between disorders a. “comorbidity”: co-occurrence of mental illnessesDiathesis stress model:I. people with an underlying vulnerability for a psychology disorders start to exhibit symptoms when put under stressful circumstancesSchizophreniaI. Prevalence – 1% or less of populationII. Diagnosis often occurs in 20'sIII. Schizophrenia – term comes from Latin for “split mind” IV. NOT “split (multiple) personality” a. Instead, split from realityV. Fairly high heritability:a. identical twin with schizophrenia? –>approx. 50% chance other twin will have it. Positive (present) symptoms:I. reflect presence, or addition of symptoms not seen in normal peopleI. Hallucinations (auditory, visual, olfactory)II. Delusions – sometimes “paranoid” (persecutory)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.III. Disorganized speech a. “word salad”IV. Disorganized or catatonic (stiff or unmoving) behaviorNegative (absent) symptoms:I. Reflect absence of things normally seen in normal people –a. “flat” affect (emotions)b. social avoidanceII. Less responsive to medicationRosenhan’s “Sane in Insane Places” investigationI. “Pseudopatients” went to hospitals, said they heard voices, then once checked in, reported no more symptomsII. Eventually released from hospitals – 7 to 52 days later, most with diagnosis of “schizophrenia in remission” III. Raises issue of labeling IV. Powerful study, but criticized as
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