PSYCH 202 1st Edition Lecture 2Case StudyI. In depth observation of one person or a small group. II. Hard to generalize from case studiesIII. Also sometimes hard to generalize from sample of research subjects (e.g., college students) to everyone elseGoals of ScienceI. Describe• What is it about your sweetie that makes you go “mmmm”?II. Predict• Wen will your professor give you a quiz?III. Explain• Why is your roommate grumpy?IV. Control• How can you make your parents or boss give you more money?_______________________________________________________________________I. t heory: a. proposed set of principles to organize and explain a phenomenonII. hypothesis: a. proposed, testable relationship between two or more variables. III. variables: a. things that can vary (duh!)IV. categorical variables:a. values are different members of a categoryb. Ex: NationalityV. continuous variables : a. values vary in magnitude along some dimension b. Ex: IncomeVI. Outcome variable: a. variable hypothesized to show a difference when value of predictor is changed VII. Predictor variable: a. variable that is hypothesized to be associated with change in outcomeVIII.manipulated variables a. predictor variables that the researcher controls and changes.IX. True experiment: a. Experimenter manipulates (controls and changes the value of) the independent variable;everything else is held constant or is randomized.X. independent variable- These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. variable the experimenter manipulates while holding other variables constant and using random assignment b. (varies INDEPENDENTLY of everything else).XI. dependent variable – a. variable whose value is hypothesized to vary according to value of independent variable a. (value DEPENDS on independent variable). When we don’t manipulate our predictor variable, other things may be CHANGING with it.e.g., caffeine consumption may change with income, or whether someone takes medicationI. Confound or Confounding Variable – a. variable that produces an effect that is confused (confounded) with the effects of the intended predictor variableb. If we don’t manipulate our predictor variable, we can’t say for sure whether or not it CAUSES our outcome variable.I. subject variables – a. non-manipulated variables (often predictors) associated with qualities of the subjects in your study b. (e.g., IQ, nationality, virgin/not virgin). Correlational studyCorrelational studyMeasure two or more variablesAssociation claim“True” experimental study“True” experimental studyManipulate the IV, measure the DV Causal
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