PSYCH 202 1st Edition Lecture 7Support for tend & befriend hypothesis:I. In past studies, fight or flight pattern more pronounced in men than women. II. Androgens (male hormones) are important in fight option. III. Oxytocin – “calming” hormone that inhibits flee response – present in higher levels in women. IV. Women not fleeing or fighting may have helped protect offspring; women who were pregnant or lactating (breast-feeding) may not have survived fight or flightV. Women’s survival advantages may be tied to being socially well-connected – particularly in surviving against bigger, faster males.Stage 2: resistanceStage 3: exhaustionDevelopmentI. change in organisms over timecognitive development:I. changes in processes of the mind (ability to learn, think, remember) social development –I. changes in interactions and relationships with other peoplephysical development:I. changes in the body and physiologyCognitive changes as we age: I. Memory for NEW information worse than memory for oldII. Declines in fluid intelligence: a. intellectual capacities that have no specific content, but are used in processing information; problem solving abilityIII. but not crystallized intelligence: a. people’s store of knowledgeIV. People are slower on timed tasks as they get olderThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.V. Recall declines more than recognitionVI. Bahrick, Bahrick, &Whittlinger (1975) - Yearbook study:a. recall suffered more than b. recognition (more context)VII. Decline in tasks that require divided attentionSelective optimization with compensation:I. older people pare down number of activities to deal with deficits, but concentrate attention in areas that most interest themFredrickson &Carstensen (1990):I. age and anticipated endings; selective optimization in social life too?Cross sectional design:I. different age groups are measured at the same point in time.Cohort effects:I. shared experience of a group Longitudinal design:I. research design in which one group is studied repeatedly over a period of timeII. Have to wait to complete studyIII. Hard to stay in contact & keep getting data from research participantsJeanPiagnet:I. Swiss developmental psychologist; landmark work in cognitive development (some of it came from watching his own kids).Stage Models:I. Discrete stages, not continuous