PSYCH 202 1st Edition Lecture 11Mischel: I. Questioned existence of “personality” Highest correlations found between traits and behaviors across situations I. .30. Criticisms of Mischel’s criticisms of personality:I. .30 correlations – small, but not 0 II. Correlations between situations and behaviors aren’t much higherIII. May seem more consistency and predictive power for some traits under certain circumstancesHow to make traits more effective predictors:I. Pick traits that people consider self-relevant: II. Make summary judgments III. Choose situations that are: a. novelb. ill-definedc. stressfulFive Factor model of personality:I. extroversiona. sociable, outgoing, assertiveII. agreeablenessa. honest, compliant, empathic, altruisticIII. openness (intellect) a. into fantasy, aesthetically minded, open to new experiencesIV. conscientiousnessa. orderly, reliable, disciplined, responsibleV. neuroticism (emotional stability, reversed.) a. anxious, hostile, depressed Lexical hypothesis:These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.I. If trait is important, it will be encoded in our languageFactor analysis:I. Mathematical technique for identifying larger common factors that underlie a wider range of measures. Orthogonal factors:I. Factors that are not correlated with each other. II. “Not correlated” means a correlation of approximately zero. III. Doesn’t mean a negative correlation!IV. Knowing the score on one factor won’t help you predict score on another factor. Big 5 better at DESCRIBING and PREDICTING than EXPLAINING personality differences.Biological basis for introversion/extroversion?I. seems heritable (genetic link)II. activity level differs prenatallyIII. different autonomic nervous system activity – greater sensitivity in introvertsSome evidence that introverts are more susceptible to some viruses (colds and HIV) because of differential neuronal response in immune system. Geen (1984):I. compared introverts and extroverts ability to learn cognitive task under different conditions. II. Suggests ideal level of stimulation differsIs the 5 Factor model cross-culturally valid?I. More likely to be reproduced if factors are translated from English into new language. II. Less likely to be reproduced if you start with content of other language. When does abnormal behavior become psychopathology?I. Doing physical harm to self or othersII. Can’t hold down job (or attend school) or carry out regular responsibilitiesIII. Inability to enjoy life, or others’ companyIV. Deviation from statistical norms or cultural