PSYCH 202 1st Edition Lecture 15Social Psychology: I. How other people and social situations affect individual behavior, attitudes, perceptions and motives.II. The study of factors that affect how people perceive, influence, and relate to others.Birds of feather flock togetherOROpposites attract?Ingroup:I. Group which we identify with Outgroup:I. Group with which we do not identifyHenri Tajfel:I. Minimal groups: a. Meaningless groups formed by grouping strangers on the basis of trivial criteria –yet has powerful results!II. 1. We like members of our ingroup better and are nicer to them than members of outgroups.III. Crocker - studies using sororities: a. Less highly respected groups especially likely to put down outgroup members.I. 2) Out-group homogeneity: 1) Perception that members of outgroup are all alike – more similar to each other than they really are, and more similar to each other than ingroup membersII. 3) Park &Rothbart (1982):1) More likely to recall distinguishing information about members of our ingroup than about outgroup membersStereotype: I. Generalization about a group of peopleThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.II. Kernel of truth to stereotypes????a. NOT necessarily!Illusory correlation: I. Tendency to see correlations between unusual or distinctive characteristics and unusual or distinctive groups. Hamilton and Gifford (1976)II. Negative events/behaviors tend to be more distinctive than positive events/behaviorsConfirmation bias – I. Tendency to notice and see what we expect to seeSelf-fulfilling prophecy – I. Not just seeing, but actually creating the expected behavior Snyder, Tanke&Berscheid –I. Photographs and telephone conversation studyII. Women paired with attractive photos were perceived over the phone as more sociable by men who saw picturesIII. But those women also rated that way by people who never saw pictures! Claude SteeleI. Stereotype threat:II. Concern among members of a negatively stereotyped group about confirming a negativestereotype. III. How can we tell when it’s fear of confirming stereotype and not actually less ability?IV. Tell stereotyped group members that scores on test don’t matter or don’t have them provide group info and see if performance
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