HES 2823 1st Edition Lecture 10 Outline of Last Lecture I Protein A Functions B Amino Acids C Amino Acid Pool D Starvation Case Outline of Current Lecture I Exam 1 Review II Protein continued Current Lecture I II I Exam 1 Review A Irrelevant to Upcoming Exam B Useful for Cumulative Final Exam Protein continued A Amino Acid Pool 1 Starvation a No specific muscle tissue if prioritized for break down and subsequent protein synthesis such as skeletal or heart b Body proteins broken down to maintain glucose energy and fat levels as well as protein synthesis 2 Overconsumption a Calories from protein can be stored as fat if over consumed B Protein Synthesis 1 Genetic traits determined by protein as instructed by DNA 2 Within a cell the nucleus houses DNA 3 A strand of DNA will have many genes and each gene a section of that DNA which codes for a sequence and instructs the construction of one protein 4 The copied gene from within the nucleus forms messenger RNA mRNA which moves to the site of protein synthesis outside the nucleus in the cytoplasm 5 Transfer RNA tRNA finds the needed amino acids to create proteins and returns to the mRNA with each of the required amino acids from within These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute the cell until all of them are positioned together at the site of protein synthesis to form a functioning protein 6 This explains why certain amino acids are essential C Deamination 1 Removal of amine NH2 group from a protein 2 This process occurs in the liver after the molecule has been released from the cell and becomes NH3 or ammonia which is toxic 3 The liver converts the NH3 into the nitrogen containing compound urea 4 Urea enters the blood stream from the liver but is filtered from the blood by the kidneys added to urine and excreted from the body 5 Amino acids used for fat glucose and energy go through this process 6 Only amino acids that are used strictly for protein synthesis do otherwise D Nitrogen Balance 1 Comparison of what enters the body to what leaves 2 Protein intake NIN Urea in urine or undigested protein in feces excretion NOUT 3 Protein is 16 nitrogen 4 Humans digest protein well 5 Most nitrogen excretion is urinary
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